Hematological and biochemical alterations in female dogs with mammary cancer and inflammatory carcinoma

Abstract

Hematological and biochemical alterations in animals with neoplasms may result from the direct effects of tumor growth or paraneoplastic syndromes. The objective of this study was to evaluate these hematological and biochemical alterations in female dogs with mammary tumors and with inflammatory carcinoma (IC). Blood samples were collected from 43 female dogs divided into three groups according to clinical staging: Group 1 (G1) - animals in initial stage (T1,2,3N0M0, N=17), Group 2 (G2) - animals in advanced stage (T1,2,3N1M0,1, N=15) and Group 3 (G3) - animals presenting IC (N=11). Hematological and biochemical parameters obtained were related to patients' clinical staging. Among alterations, the most common were anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, monocytosis, increased ALT, AST, and hypoalbuminemia, mainly in dogs in advanced clinical staging and with inflammatory carcinoma.

Hemostatic Dysfunction in a Dog with Mammary Gland Carcinoma

“…The prognosis of canine mammary gland carcinomas varies, as described above. In human medicine, hematological changes are considered important determinants of prognosis in patients with neoplasms (10). Similarly, paraneoplastic changes in the blood, including anemia, leukocytosis, erythrocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hyperglobulinemia, hyperviscosity syndrome, and coagulopathy, can be prognostic factors in veterinary medicine (1).…”

“…IMC is a clinicopathological entity that is diagnosed based on a combination of clinical features and confirmed by histopathology. To diagnose IMC, physical examination should show erythema, heat, edema, peau d'orange, wheals, and ridging of the skin appearing on more than 1/3 of the breast skin with a medical history of rapid onset (<3 months) and a negative result for bacterial infection (10). Considering the physical examination of inflammatory reactions, such as erythema, heat, and pain around the mammary gland, we presume that the patient has a high possibility of IMC (10).…”