Epidemiological, clinical and pathological evaluation of overall survival in canines with mammary neoplasms

Nunes, Fernanda Camargo; Campos, Cecília Bonolo de; Teixeira, S.V.; Bertagnolli, Angélica Cavalheiro; Lavalle, Gleidice Eunice; Cassali, Geovanni Dantas

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-10217

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Of the eight followed-up patients, four died due to the unfavorable neoplasm clinical evolution in <1 year of diagnosis. In this sense, the fact that half of these followed-up patients survived for less than an year after diagnosis may lead to the conclusion that this type of carcinoma presents a guarded to poor prognosis compared to other carcinomas with better prognosis in female dogs, such as carcinoma in mixed tumor, which does not reach the survival median until 2 years of follow-up (35). The diagnosis of carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation based solely on morphologic characterisitics is a challenge and not feasible most of the times, once many of the classic histologic features of neuroendocrine carcinomas that occur in other organs are not present in neuroendocrine carcinomas of the mammary gland (13,16,36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Canine Mammary Gland: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics

et al. 2021

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Invasive mammary carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation are rare in women and were reported only once in female dogs. For the present study, ten cases of solid mammary carcinoma positive for chromogramin A in immunohistochemistry were selected. Histopathological characteristics of these tumors were described and immunohistochemical evaluation was performed with chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, NSE, PGP 9.5, pancitokeratin, Ki67, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). The average animal age was 13.2 years old and the average tumor size was 4.8 cm. In total, 70% of the neoplasms were classified as grade III and 30% as grade II by the Nottingham histological grade system. High mitotic index was observed with a mean of 27.5 mitoses in 10 high magnification fields. Only one case showed typical carcinoid tumor characteristics. In addition, vascular invasion was shown in 3 tumors. All carcinomas were positive for chromogran A, while only two cases were reactive to synaptophysin. For PGP 9.2, NSE and CD56, we observed positivity of 100, 90, and 70%, respectively, in the samples, being that no tumor was positive for all the neuroendocrine markers. All neoplasms showed ER and PR in at least 10% of neoplastic cells, while Ki67 varied from 29 to 95%, with mean mitotic index of 67%. Four of the ten animals died within 1 year of the tumor diagnosis. Neuroendocrine neoplasms occur in the canine mammary gland and are propably underdiagnosed. This is due to their non-specific morphological characteristics and the low use of neuroendocrine immunohistochemistric markers the diagnostic routine. More studies are necessary to determine the prognosis of this new histological type.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Canine Mammary Gland: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics

et al. 2021

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“…Dogs are commonly described as animal models for human breast cancer study, based on clinicopathologic similarities between canine and human mammary carcinomas ( 27 ). The present study aimed to evaluate the serum concentration of resistin in female dogs with CBMT, the most frequent histological type of breast tumor in this species, as well as its possible correlation with body condition, tumor aggressiveness, and survival rate ( 28 , 29 , 38 , 39 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As already demonstrated in humans, dogs with a tendency to obesity that undergo neoplastic processes tend to have a higher expression of certain adipocytokines ( 23 , 24 ). Mammary carcinoma in mixed benign tumors (CBMT) has variable malignancy potential and are the most frequent histological type found in canine mammary neoplasms ( 25 – 29 ). However, despite the high frequency of CBMT in the oncology routine, according to our knowledge, there are no studies on the possible participation of resistin in this tumor progression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperresistinemia in Obese Female Dogs With Mammary Carcinoma in Benign-Mixed Tumors and Its Correlation With Tumor Aggressiveness and Survival

et al. 2020

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Resistin is associated with metabolic, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders, and is also considered a prognostic marker in human oncology. Canine mammary tumors have epidemiological, clinical, biological, and genetic characteristics similar to those of women and are proposed as a comparative study model. Here, we evaluate the serum levels of resistin in female dogs with or without mammary carcinoma in mixed tumors (CBMT) and its correlation with the proliferative potential of the tumor, obesity, and survival. Eighty dogs grouped according to the presence (50) or absence (30) of CBMT, reproductive status and body condition were assessed for weight, fat percentage, and canine body mass index. The characteristic of the proliferative potential of the tumor (Ki-67) was evaluated. Ki-67 levels ( p = 0.024), staging ( p = 0.004), and grade ( p = 0.016) influenced the survival of the female dogs. Through a multifactorial analysis, it could be seen that the parameters proliferation index (Ki-67) ( p = 0.044) and staging ( p = 0.036) influenced the survival of the animals. Neutered and overweight dogs from the control and CBMT groups showed hyperresistinemia. Ki-67 expression and resistin levels in dogs with CBMT were higher in overweight dogs than in dogs with normal weight ( p = 0.0001). The survival rate of dogs with CBMT, obese and with high levels of resistin (8,400 μg L −1 ) was lower when compared to those with lower levels of resistin. These results showed an important relationship between hyperresistinemia, tumor proliferative potential and excessive body fat, suggesting that resistin levels may act as an interesting prognostic marker in patients with CBMT.

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“…Seven of the dogs evaluated died due to the disease; however, in one case, the dog died because of hemorrhagic diathesis. The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method [6,9,28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of neoplastic cells outlining the cystic space of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the canine mammary gland.

Rodrigues

Caldeira-Brant

Gomes

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare malignant breast tumor and a variant form of invasive ductal carcinoma that is an aggressive neoplasm of the human breast and canine mammary gland. The importance of the tumor microenvironment in cancer development has gradually been recognized, but little is known about the cell types outlining the cystic space of canine IMPC. This study aimed to characterize the neoplastic cells outlining the cystic space of IMPC.Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), superresolution and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to assess the cell types in the cystic areas of IMPCs.Results: Cells expressing the mesenchymal markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (aSMA), Vimentin, and S100A4 outlined the cystic space of IMPC. Furthermore, loss of epithelial cell polarity in IMPC was shown by the localization of MUC1 at the stroma-facing surface. This protein modulates lumen formation and inhibits the cell-stroma interaction. Immunohistochemical and IF staining for the myoepithelial cell marker p63 were negative in IMPC samples, and TEM revealed morphological aspects of myoepithelial-like cells with thin cytoplasmic extensions outlining the cystic space.Conclusions: The cells outlining the cystic space of IMPC in the canine mammary gland were characterized using IHC, IF and TEM. The presence of cells expressing aSMA, Vimentin, and S100A4 in the IMPC stroma suggested a role for tumor-associated fibroblasts in the IMPC microenvironment. The reversal of cell polarity revealed by the limited basal localization of MUC1 may be an important factor contributing to the invasiveness of IMPC. For the first time, the cystic space of canine mammary gland IMPC was shown to be delimited by myoepithelial-like cells that had lost p63 expression. These findings may enhance our understanding of the cellular microenvironment of invasive tumors to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment.

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Epidemiological, clinical and pathological evaluation of overall survival in canines with mammary neoplasms

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Canine Mammary Gland: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics

Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Canine Mammary Gland: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics

Hyperresistinemia in Obese Female Dogs With Mammary Carcinoma in Benign-Mixed Tumors and Its Correlation With Tumor Aggressiveness and Survival

Characterization of neoplastic cells outlining the cystic space of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the canine mammary gland.

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