Use of EDTA in the treatment of local tissue damage caused by the Bothrops alternatus venom

Abstract

Twelve adult rabbits were distributed in three groups and received on the femoral biceps region, via intradermal injection (ID), 25µg of Bothrops alternatus venom dissolved in NaCl 0.9% and diluted in 0.25mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Thirty minutes later, the group G1 received 0.25mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) ID while to G2 and G3 25mg of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) dissolved in 0.25mL of PBS were administered via intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) injection, respectively. Evaluations included local lesion and blood profile of all animals, before (time zero) and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 18 and 24h after venom administration. All animal treated with PBS (G1) and EDTA IV (G3) presented increase of nociceptive stimuli at the site of inoculation of the venom, followed by moderate edema that persisted for 24h. Animals treated with IM EDTA (G2) only manifested increase of nociceptive stimuli at the site of injection 1h after treatment with discrete local edema between 12 and 24h. In relation to the local hemorrhagic halo no differences were found amongst the studied groups. Blood profile revealed significant decrease of segmented neutrophils in all groups. There was also increase in triglycerides and decrease in total protein and albumin in all groups. The local lesion was not altered by the treatments.

Preliminary Insights of Brazilian Snake Venom Metalloproteomics

“…It is known that several snake venom enzymes are particularly dependent on Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Zn 2+ metal ions [29] and particularly dependent on divalent metal ions, including Ca 2+ -dependent phospholipase A2, divalent metal ion-dependent 5'-nucleotidase, Mg 2+ -dependent phosphodiesterase, Mg 2+or Ca 2+ -dependent alkaline phosphatase, and Zn 2+ -dependent proteinase [28,30,31]. Some metalloproteinases that present Zn 2+ ions in their structures are responsible for proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix, inflammations, hemorrhages, and other physiological responses [32][33][34]. Therefore, our metalloproteomics data corroborate the literature for presenting the highest levels of Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ ions and metalloproteinases in the Bothrops and L. m. muta venoms in relation to C.d.…”

Considerations for the development of a field-based medical device for the administration of adjunctive therapies for snakebite envenoming

“…Because SVMPs require a divalent cation such as zinc for activity, the use of metal chelating agents such as CaNa 2 EDTA( Flowers and Goucher, 1963 , 1965 ; Gowda et al, 2011 ; Howes et al, 2007 ; León et al, 1998 ; Rucavado et al, 2000 ; Silva-Neto et al, 2018 ), tetraethyl thiuram disulfide (Disulfiram/TTD)( Nanjaraj Urs et al, 2015 ; Rudresha et al, 2021 ), 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS/Unithiol)( Albulescu et al, 2020a ; Menzies et al, 2022 ; Xie et al, 2020a ), and dimercaprol (British anti-Lewisite) ( Albulescu et al, 2020b ; Xie et al, 2020b ) for SBE therapy has been demonstrated in a variety of animal models. These agents have traditionally been used to treat metal intoxication( Flora and Pachauri, 2010 ), but have found a use as repurposed drugs for SBE therapy.…”

Plantas Medicinais Como Terapia Alternativa No Envenenamento Por Serpentes

“…Além disso, as alterações vasculares proeminentes que levam a hemorragia e edema podem contribuir para isquemia e necrose tecidual adicional Silva-Neto et al,2018).…”