Ingestão de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e metabolismo lipídico

Abstract

Resumo Esta revisão teve como objetivo apresentar e discutir os achados mais recentes do efeito dos ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGMI) sobre marcadores plasmáticos do metabolismo lipídico em estudos pós-prandiais e de intervenção clínica nutricional. Realizou-se busca em diferentes bases de dados entre 2010 e 2014, usando os seguintes termos de indexação: MUFA, Lipemia, Lipid Metabolism, Triglycerides e Postprandial. O consumo de refeição com alto conteúdo de AGMI tem demonstrado efeito benéfico na resposta lipidêmica pós-prandial, mas se essa resposta pode ser alterada em indivíduos com excesso de peso e/ou outras doenças crônicas após consumo de AGMI, ainda não está totalmente elucidado. De modo geral, após a intervenção com AGMI, os fatores de risco cardiovascular diminuíram, além de haver melhora no perfil lipídico. Em conclusão, os estudos recentes têm demonstrado um efeito benéfico do consumo de AGMI em curto e longo prazos, mediante aumento/manutenção das concentrações de HDL colesterol e diminuição do LDL colesterol.

Flaxseed Oil Effectively Reduces the Risk of Development of Atherosclerosis in Rats Fed on High Cholesterol Diet

“…MUFA consumption has been associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and possibly increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol [41]. MUFA can be beneficial over the short term (postprandial lipemia), primarily in relation to triglycerides metabolism, and over the long term in association with improvements in the plasma lipid profile [42].…”

Nutritional potential of leaves and tubers of crem (Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam.)

“…Palmitic and oleic acids have already been identified in crem tubers [11] and linoleic acid has been identified in capuchin leaves and flowers [18]. These fatty acids have health benefits [12][13][14], from cholesterol reduction [13] to prevention [16], protection [15] and risk reduction [19] of cardiovascular diseases. Cholesterol reduction is also associated to the intake of myristic and palmitic fatty acids [13].…”

“…The consumption of monounsaturated fatty acid, such as oleic acid, has a beneficial effect on lipid profile markers, besides helping to prevent cardiovascular diseases [16]. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as gammalinolenic acid, also act as protectors in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases [15].…”

“…The fatty acid composition of crem tubers (T. pentaphyllum) has not been sufficiently investigated, but palmitic acid and oleic acid have already been identified [11]. Fatty acids have nutritional and therapeutic benefits in the body [12], such as cholesterol reduction [13] and prevention of cardiovascular diseases [14][15][16]. Crem tubers have been used to prevent hypercholesterolemia [4] and as an antidiabetic [17].…”

Commercial and Therapeutic Potential of Plant-Based Fatty Acids

“…These studies confirm the efficiency of the intake of these acids, demonstrating a positive effect on lipid metabolism, and also emphasizing that diets rich in SFAs promote cardiovascular damage, as well as an increase in hypercholesterolemia. Nutritionists recommend that intakes of SFAs are maintained by up to 10% relative to total energy, based on dietary guidelines for prevention of cardiovascular diseases [80,[82][83][84].…”