2014
DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.0067
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Computed Tomograpy Venography diagnosis of iliocaval venous obstruction in advanced chronic venous insufficiency

Abstract: Objective: Iliocaval obstruction is associated with venous hypertension symptoms and may predispose to deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Ultrasonography may fail to achieve noninvasive diagnosis of these obstructions. The possibility of using Computed Tomography Venography (CTV) for these diagnoses is under investigation. Methods: Patients with CVI graded at CEAP clinical classes 3 to 6 and previous treatment failure underwent evaluation with CTV. Percentage obstruction was rated by two independent examiners. Obst… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…Angiotomography was used to identify and classify 4 , 5 the obstructed venous segments ( Figures 1 and 2 ). The technique employed comprised the following steps: 1) ultrasound-guided puncture of the right internal jugular vein (RIJV), systemic heparinization and selective catheterization of the popliteal vein (11F x 11 cm introducer, 5F x 110 cm multipurpose catheter, 0.035” x 260 cm Terumo stiff hydrophilic guidewire (Terumo Medical, Tokyo, Japan), and 0.035” x 260 cm super stiff Amplatz guidewire (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, USA), positioning of an Angiojet Zelante catheter (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, United States) over the Amplatz guidewire and retrograde venography via the catheter, with identification of the obstructed segment ( Figure 3 ); 2) preparation of the Alteplase 10 mg solution in 100 mL of saline 0.9%, infusion of 20 mL of this solution using the “pulse spray” technique into the thrombus interior up to the common femoral vein, a 20-minute wait, aspiration of the thrombus via the Angiojet catheter (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, USA), confirmation of the result by venography performed with the same catheter ( Figure 4 ); 3) repositioning of the catheter tip in the common femoral vein, substitution of the Amplatz guidewire with the stiff hydrophilic wire and positioning of the tip of the stiff guidewire, repositioning of the Angiojet catheter at the caudal extremity of the deep femoral vein and repetition of step 2 in this segment ( Figure 5 ); 4) venography performed with the Angiojet catheter placed in the common femoral vein, observing the characteristics of the obstruction in this iliocaval segment, repetition of step 2, taking the site of greatest compression observed on angiotomography as the cranial limit, without yet penetrating the lumen of the inferior vena cava to avoid release of remnants of the macerated thrombus into the bloodstream ( Figure 6 ); 5) crossing the entire treated segment with the intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) catheter (Vision PV.035 – Philips, Holland), with the objective of identifying residual thrombi and points of compression and/or obstruction ( Figure 7 ); 6) angioplasty with a balloon catheter (XXL, 14 to 20 x 40 mm – Boston Scientific or Atlas Gold 14 to 20 x 40 mm – BD; Mustang 8 to 12 x 60mm – Boston Scientific) of obstructed segments identified with IVUS; 7) deployment of a 14 to 20 x 90 mm self-expanding stent (Wallstent – Boston Scientific; Venovo – BD; Zilver Vena – Cook; Abre – Medtronic) in the obstructed iliocaval segment; 8) post-ballooning of the stent with the same balloon catheter ( Figure 8 ); 9) final passage of the IVUS catheter and final control venography ( Figure 9 ); and 10) closure of the puncture site with a Perclose vascular closure device (Abbott Medical, MS, USA).…”
Section: Description Of the Techniquementioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Angiotomography was used to identify and classify 4 , 5 the obstructed venous segments ( Figures 1 and 2 ). The technique employed comprised the following steps: 1) ultrasound-guided puncture of the right internal jugular vein (RIJV), systemic heparinization and selective catheterization of the popliteal vein (11F x 11 cm introducer, 5F x 110 cm multipurpose catheter, 0.035” x 260 cm Terumo stiff hydrophilic guidewire (Terumo Medical, Tokyo, Japan), and 0.035” x 260 cm super stiff Amplatz guidewire (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, USA), positioning of an Angiojet Zelante catheter (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, United States) over the Amplatz guidewire and retrograde venography via the catheter, with identification of the obstructed segment ( Figure 3 ); 2) preparation of the Alteplase 10 mg solution in 100 mL of saline 0.9%, infusion of 20 mL of this solution using the “pulse spray” technique into the thrombus interior up to the common femoral vein, a 20-minute wait, aspiration of the thrombus via the Angiojet catheter (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, USA), confirmation of the result by venography performed with the same catheter ( Figure 4 ); 3) repositioning of the catheter tip in the common femoral vein, substitution of the Amplatz guidewire with the stiff hydrophilic wire and positioning of the tip of the stiff guidewire, repositioning of the Angiojet catheter at the caudal extremity of the deep femoral vein and repetition of step 2 in this segment ( Figure 5 ); 4) venography performed with the Angiojet catheter placed in the common femoral vein, observing the characteristics of the obstruction in this iliocaval segment, repetition of step 2, taking the site of greatest compression observed on angiotomography as the cranial limit, without yet penetrating the lumen of the inferior vena cava to avoid release of remnants of the macerated thrombus into the bloodstream ( Figure 6 ); 5) crossing the entire treated segment with the intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) catheter (Vision PV.035 – Philips, Holland), with the objective of identifying residual thrombi and points of compression and/or obstruction ( Figure 7 ); 6) angioplasty with a balloon catheter (XXL, 14 to 20 x 40 mm – Boston Scientific or Atlas Gold 14 to 20 x 40 mm – BD; Mustang 8 to 12 x 60mm – Boston Scientific) of obstructed segments identified with IVUS; 7) deployment of a 14 to 20 x 90 mm self-expanding stent (Wallstent – Boston Scientific; Venovo – BD; Zilver Vena – Cook; Abre – Medtronic) in the obstructed iliocaval segment; 8) post-ballooning of the stent with the same balloon catheter ( Figure 8 ); 9) final passage of the IVUS catheter and final control venography ( Figure 9 ); and 10) closure of the puncture site with a Perclose vascular closure device (Abbott Medical, MS, USA).…”
Section: Description Of the Techniquementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Foram realizadas a identificação e a classificação angiotomográfica 4 , 5 ( Figura 1 e 2 ) do segmento venoso obstruído. A técnica empregada seguiu estas etapas: 1) punção ecoguiada da veia jugular interna direita (VJID), heparinização sistêmica e cateterização seletiva da veia poplítea (introdutor 11F x 11 cm, cateter MP 5F x 110 cm, guia hidrofílico Terumo stiff (Terumo Medical, Tóquio, Japão) de 0,035” x 260 cm e Amplatz super stiff 0,035” x 260 cm (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, EUA), posicionamento de cateter Angiojet Zelante (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, EUA) sobre o fio guia Amplatz, venografia retrógrada pelo mesmo, com identificação do segmento obstruído ( Figura 3 ); 2) preparo de solução de Alteplase 10 mg em 100 mL de soro fisiológico a 0,9%, infusão de 20 mL dessa solução pela técnica “ pulse spray ” no interior do trombo até a veia femoral comum, espera de 20 minutos, aspiração do trombo pelo cateter Angiojet (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, EUA), verificação do resultado por venografia realizada pelo próprio cateter ( Figura 4 ); 3) reposicionamento de sua ponta na veia femoral comum, substituição do guia Amplatz pelo hidrofílico stiff e posicionamento da ponta desse guia, substituição do cateter Angiojet na extremidade caudal da veia femoral profunda e repetição da etapa 2 nesse segmento ( Figura 5 ); 4) venografia realizada pelo cateter Angiojet estacionado na veia femoral comum, observando as características da obstrução no segmento ilíaco-cavo, repetição da etapa 2, tendo por limite cranial o local de maior compressão observado na angiotomografia, sem nesse momento penetrar a luz da veia cava inferior para que não haja liberação dos resquícios do trombo macerado na corrente sanguínea ( Figura 6 ); 5) passagem de cateter de ultrassonografia intravascular (IVUS) (Vision PV.035 – Philips, Holanda) em todo segmento tratado, com o objetivo de identificar trombos residuais e pontos de compressão e/ou obstrução ( Figura 7 ); 6) angioplastia com cateter balão (XXL, 14 a 20 x 40 mm – Boston Scientific ou Atlas Gold 14 a 20 x 40 mm – BD; Mustang 8 a 12 x 60mm – Boston Scientific) dos segmentos obstrutivos identificados pelo IVUS; 7) implante de stent autoexpansível 14 a 20 x 90 mm (Wallstent – Boston Scientific; Venovo – BD; Zilver Vena – Cook; Abre – Medtronic) no segmento cavo-ilíaco obstruído; 8) pós-balonamento do stent com o mesmo cateter balão ( Figura 8 ); 9) passagem final do cateter de IVUS e venografia final de controle ( Figura 9 ); e 10) fechamento de sítio de punção com oclusor vascular tipo Perclose (Abbott Medical, MN, EUA).…”
Section: Descrição Da Técnicaunclassified
“…cuts visualize structural details (spurs, webs) , ruled out extrinsic compression, identify location and stenosis degree in non-thrombosed veins, shows DVT and collateral pathways. 46–53 When the contrast opacification is suboptimal with the standard (indirect) method a direct technique could be used with good results. 52,53 As with the ultrasound, the patients can be put in different positions (supine or prone) or to use the valsalva maneuver to identify an illusory MTS.…”
Section: Cross-sectional Imaging – Ct/mr Venographymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Apesar de a compressão ocorrer mais frequentemente no ponto de cruzamento entre a artéria ilíaca direita e a veia ilíaca esquerda, não é incomum que ela ocorra em outros segmentos. Em nossa casuística, e nas de outros autores, 30% das obstruções identificadas foram observadas em outros pontos que não aquele classicamente descrito [6][7][8] . Essa compressão pode provocar, além da redução da área de secção transversal do vaso, a formação de membranas e de traves fibroblásticas, e também trombose [9][10][11] [60% das obstruções, em nossa casuística, apresentavam episódio prévio de trombose venosa profunda (TVP)] 4 .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…Dor crônica intratável, claudicação venosa e edema são importante sinais e sintomas preditivos da presença dessas obstruções 1,9,12,13 . Há uma associação positiva entre gravidade dos sintomas, classificação clínica, e grau da OVI (p = 0,001) 6 . A associação entre a obstrução e o refluxo venoso parece estar relacionada aos casos clínicos mais graves [13][14][15] .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified