Changes in lower extremity blood flow during advancing phases of pregnancy and the effects of special footwear

Gimunová, Marta; Zvonař, Martin; Kolářová, Kateřina; Janík, Zdeněk; Mikeska, Ondřej; Musil, R; Ventruba, Pavel; Sagat, Peter

doi:10.1590/1677-5449.002617

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Also, one study compared the effects of massage with grape seed oil with sweet almond oil. In terms of analyzed outcomes, there were substantial differences between the assessed trials (9,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). The trials had a high risk of performance and detection bias and were essentially unclear for selection bias.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of the experimental study showed that wearing the tested footwear could prevent venous blood velocity from lowering during the later stages of pregnancy. Nonetheless, more research is required on the beneficial effects of using the footwear on venous flow and its application (23). 2011) evaluated the effect of water immersion on reducing peripheral edema in the last six weeks of pregnancy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-pharmacological Interventions for the Management of Lower Extremity Edema During Pregnancy: A Narrative Review Study

Mollaelahi

Shahali

2022

Med Surg Nurs J

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Context: The most common cause of bilateral lower extremity edema during pregnancy is venous insufficiency, that is a physiological process. Although it is not a serious complication, it can lead to substantial pain, heaviness, nocturnal cramps, tingling, and numbness. In this regard, foot massage is a prominent non-pharmacological practice among healthcare providers. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate non-pharmacological interventions utilized to alleviate the symptoms of lower extremity edema during pregnancy. Methods: This narrative review included all randomized controlled trials during 2011 - 2021 evaluating the symptoms of lower extremity edema during pregnancy. For literature review, databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and SID were searched using the following keywords: “management,” “pregnancy,” “obstetric”, “oedema”, “edema”, “pharmacological treatment”, “lower-extremity edema”, “late pregnancy”, and “non-pharmacological treatment”. Results: In terms of analyzed outcomes, there were substantial differences between the assessed trials. The trials had a high risk of performance and detection bias and were essentially unclear for selection bias. Finally, seven studies were included and analyzed. Compression stockings and external massage appeared to reduce lower extremity edema. Conclusions: There is not enough evidence for managing physiological lower extremity edema during pregnancy. Further trials with appropriate methodology and analysis of outcome are needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-pharmacological Interventions for the Management of Lower Extremity Edema During Pregnancy: A Narrative Review Study

Mollaelahi

Shahali

2022

Med Surg Nurs J

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“…Tested footwear and insoles J Hanák R (Snovídky, Czech Republic) are designed to help with redistribution of forces acting on foot. The insoles, US Patent US 20150013189 A1, most prominent features are a depression under the first metatarsophalangeal joint, elastic leather straps, which are sewn into the shoe upper sole at the instep and the heel, and a depression under the heel [17][18][19]. The tested footwear and insoles (Fig 1) were obtained from the producer Boty J Hanák R, s.r.o., shoe type Active, high top Active and sandal shoes type 304.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Special footwear designed for pregnant women and its effect on kinematic gait parameters during pregnancy and postpartum period

et al. 2020

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During pregnancy, an array of changes occurs in women body to enable the growth and development of the future baby and the consequent delivery. These changes are reflected in the range of motion of trunk, pelvis, lower limbs and other body segments, affect the locomotion and some of these changes may persist to the postpartum period. The aim of this study was to describe the changes affecting the gait during pregnancy and to determine the effect of tested footwear on kinematic gait characteristics during pregnancy as previous studies indicate that special orthopaedic insoles and footwear might be useful in prevention of the common musculoskeletal pain and discomfort related to pregnancy. Participants from the control group (n = 18), without any intervention, and the experimental group (n = 23), which was wearing the tested shoes, were measured at their 14, 28 and 37 gestational weeks and 28 weeks postpartum to capture the complete pregnancy-related changes in gait. The gait 3D kinematic data were obtained using Simi Motion System. The differences between the control and experimental group at the first data collection session in most of the analysed variables, as well as relatively high standard deviations of analysed variables indicate large individual differences in the gait pattern. The effect of tested footwear on kinematic gait pattern changes may be explained by its preventive effect against the foot arches falling. In the control group, changes associated previously with the foot arches falling and hindfoot hyperpronation were observed during advanced phases of pregnancy and postpartum, e.g. increase in knee flexion or increase in spinal curvature. For the comprehensive evaluation of the tested footwear on pregnancy gait pattern, future studies combining the kinematic and dynamic plantographic methods are needed.

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“…The condition was that they had to wear shoes every day. Patented J Hanák R biomechanical footwear and insoles are designed to help with redistribution of forces acting on foot, to support both longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot and to strengthen the foot muscles during movement (Gimunová et al, 2017;Hanák & Zvonař, 2013). Experimentally these shoes are given to pregnant women to detection changes of plantar pressure characteristics and foot characteristics during the last trimester.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of COP characteristics and force-time changes during walking in the third trimester of pregnancy

Mikeska¹,

Zvonař²,

Gimunová³

2020

StS

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Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to analyse the COP characteristics and force-time changes during walking between weeks 27 and 36 of pregnancy. The secondary objective was to verify the influence of the specific orthopaedic shoes that were given to the experimental group. The experimental group wore patented J Hanák R biomechanical footwear and insoles, which are designed to help with redistribution of forces acting on foot, to support both longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot and to strengthen the foot muscles during movement.Methods: Seventy-three pregnant women participated in this study. This group was random divided into the experimental group (35 pregnant women) wearing specific orthopaedic shoes and the control group (38 pregnant women). The motor task consisted of five gait trials where two foot prints for each leg were always recorded. The participants started barefoot walking 3 m ahead of the pressure platform and finished the trial 1 m after the end of the platform in order to preserve acceleration and deceleration in gait. Participants walked at their own preferred velocity. All pedobarometric parameters were registered by Emed walkway - trademark of novel gmbh in Munich, Germany. Data processing was divided to two scrips. The first script processed data to these variables (COP characteristics): Centre of pressure index (COPI), centre of pressure excursion index (COPEI), distance (D) of COP, maximum velocity (MaV) and mean velocity (MeV) of COP. The second script processed data for ten pre-defined areas of the foot: hindfoot, midfoot, MH1-5 – metatarsal heads, big toe, second toe, toes 3, 4 and 5 with these applied variables (force-time characteristics): Force-time integral (FTI) and contact time (CT).Results: For the experimental group, in comparison between 27th week and the 36th week of gestation, we can find lower COPI for both feet, significantly only for the left foot (p=0.04). Also, significant difference in COPEI (p=0.03, p=0.03) for both feet was found. In comparison pre and post measurement we found higher values of parameters COPI and COPEI and that indicates more lateral weight shifting during the last trimester. We can distinctly register extension of D, especially for the left foot (p=0.04). Changes in velocity of COP indicate that MaV was increased for both feet (p=0.00, p=0.00) and MeV was significantly increased only for the right foot (p=0.00) in the 36 week of pregnancy. For the control group, we found no significant changes in COPI, COPEI or COP. MaV and MeV of COP were significantly increased for both feet in the 36 week of pregnancy (p=0.02, p=0.00, p=0.01, p=0.00). Higher values of MaV and MeV indicate that pregnant women accelerated their walking in the 36 week of pregnancy. Further, force-time characteristics in most cases did not reveal statistically significant changes in the last trimester.Conclusion: Over the last three months of pregnancy, significant observable changes can be found, especially through COP parameters of the experimental and the control group. We found out that the specific orthopaedic shoes given to the experimental group influenced the trajectory of COP, which could have positive health aspects. Further, certain conflicting results of our study in comparison with other similar studies only confirm that individual biomechanic and physiological developments in pregnancy affect the kinematic and kinetic aspects of walking differently.Key Words: Center of pressure, pregnancy, gait, feet

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Changes in lower extremity blood flow during advancing phases of pregnancy and the effects of special footwear

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Non-pharmacological Interventions for the Management of Lower Extremity Edema During Pregnancy: A Narrative Review Study

Non-pharmacological Interventions for the Management of Lower Extremity Edema During Pregnancy: A Narrative Review Study

Special footwear designed for pregnant women and its effect on kinematic gait parameters during pregnancy and postpartum period

Assessment of COP characteristics and force-time changes during walking in the third trimester of pregnancy

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