Gastropods potential intermediate hosts of parasites in the region of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park/Brazil, an international tourist destination

Abstract

Several aquatic ecosystems present favorable conditions for the establishment of freshwater gastropod populations in Maranhão (Brazil). However, research on these snails in this Brazilian state is more focused on Baixada Maranhense, an endemic area for schistosomiasis in Maranhão. Considering the need to expand information on the occurrence of limnic gastropods in Maranhão, a qualitative study was carried out in the Microregion of Lençóis Maranhenses. The capture of freshwater snails was carried out between June 2016 and November 2019. Were obtained 3,244 specimens of freshwater gastropods: 2,372 specimens of Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848); 17 specimens of Biomphalaria schrammi (Crosse, 1864); 19 specimens of Drepanotrema lucidum (Pfeiffer, 1939); 115 specimens of (Hydrobiidae; Rissooidea); 24 specimens of Physa marmorata Guilding, 1828; 73 specimens of Pomacea maculata (Perry, 1810); 613 specimens of Pomacea sp. (Perry, 1810). Were also found 11 shells of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). The greatest richness of snails was observed in Tutóia. The most abundant species during the study was B. straminea (73,45%). Pomacea sp. was the most representative species with constant frequency (57,15%) in the Lençóis Maranhenses Microregion, present in lentic and lotic ecosystems. The forecast maps indicate the possibility of occurrence and establishment of freshwater gastropods species throughout the investigated region. The presence of gastropods that are hosts of parasites represents a risk to human health, especially in the Lençóis Maranhenses area, which is one of Brazil's tourist destinations. Studies on the occurrence and distribution of limnic gastropods are of great relevance for understanding the conservation status of existing species. Furthermore, they are necessary to monitor snails that act as parasite hosts.