Amelioration of exosome and mesenchymal stem cells in rats infected with diabetic nephropathy by attenuating early markers and aquaporin-1 expression

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent diabetic microvascular condition. It is the leading cause of kidney disease in the advanced stages. There is no currently effective treatment available. This research aimed to investigate the curative potentials of exosomes isolated from mesenchymal stem cells affecting DN. This study was performed on 70 male adult albino rats. Adult rats were randomized into seven groups: Group I: Negative control group, Group II: DN group, Group III: Balanites treated group, Group IV: MSCs treated group, Group V: Exosome treated group, Group VI: Balanites + MSCs treated group and Group VII: Balanites + exosome treated group. Following the trial period, blood and renal tissues were subjected to biochemical, gene expression analyses, and histopathological examinations. Results showed that MDA was substantially increased, whereas TAC was significantly decreased in the kidney in the DN group compared to normal health rats. Undesired elevated values of MDA levels and a decrease in TAC were substantially ameliorated in groups co-administered Balanites aegyptiacae with MSCs or exosomes compared to the DN group. A substantial elevation in TNF-α and substantially diminished concentration of IGF-1 were noticed in DN rats compared to normal health rats. Compared to the DN group, the co-administration of Balanites aegyptiacae with MSCs or exosomes substantially improved the undesirable elevated values of TNF-α and IGF-1. Furthermore, in the DN group, the mRNA expression of Vanin-1, Nephrin, and collagen IV was significantly higher than in normal healthy rats. Compared with DN rats, Vanin-1, Nephrin, and collagen IV Upregulation were substantially reduced in groups co-administered Balanites aegyptiacae with MSCs or exosomes. In DN rats, AQP1 expression was significantly lower than in normal healthy rats. Furthermore, the groups co-administered Balanites aegyptiacae with MSCs or exosomes demonstrated a substantial increase in AQP1 mRNA expression compared to DN rats.

Fatores de risco das nefropatias diabéticas na população geriátrica

“…A lesão podocitária glomerular induzida por hiperglicemia é hipotetizada como um estágio inicial crítico na ND. Além disso, a hiperglicemia elevada promove a albuminúria ao diminuir a contagem de podócitos e induzir a apoptose de podócitos cultivados (ZAHRAN et al, 2023).…”

“…Alterações hemodinâmicas, crescimento de células mesangiais, estresse oxidativo, geração de fibrose e glomeruloesclerose estão entre as modificações estruturais e funcionais implicadas na etiologia da ND. Apesar das terapias tradicionais que melhoram os níveis elevados de glicose no sangue e a hipertensão, abordagens curativas potenciais podem evitar e reverter o desenvolvimento de ND (ZAHRAN et al, 2023).…”

“…Alterações na geração de adenosina trifosfato (ATP), que é a principal molécula transportadora de energia nos seres vivos, gera desequilíbrio de cálcio intracelular e permeabilidade da membrana celular em células renais envolvendo células renais epiteliais, células mesangiais e células glomerulares endoteliais contribuem para a apoptose ou necrose, resultando em morte celular (ZAHRAN et al, 2023).…”