Water level-dependent morphological plasticity in Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. and Schl. (Alismataceae).

Abstract

Aquatic plants are able to alter their morphology in response to environmental condition variation, such as water level fluctuations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of water level on Sagittaria montevidensis morphology through measures of vegetative structures formed in drought and flood periods. We hypothesised that the plant height and the biomass of S. montevidensis leaves will increase during flood periods, while the biomass and diameter of petioles, and the basal plant area will increase during dry periods. We sampled a total amount of 270 individuals in nine sediment banks per visit, totalling 1080 plants. In order to compare plant morphology between dry and flood periods, we measured the water level in each bank and took the following variables for each plant: diameter, height and diameter of the biggest petiole. In order to compare biomass allocation between dry and flood periods, we sampled a total amount of 90 individuals in nine sediment banks per visit, totalling 360 plants. Plants were dried and weighed in the laboratory. All measured morphologic traits, as well as the biomass of leaf blades and petioles, were higher during flood periods, indicating that water level highly influences the morphology of S. montevidensis individuals. Our results suggest that these morphological responses allow survival and maintenance of S. montevidensis populations under environmental stress. These results can be linked to the invasive potential of S. montevidensis and sheds light on basic management practices that may be applied in the future.Keywords: emergent macrophyte, drought, flood, water level, sediment banks.Plasticidade morfológica dependente do nível da água em Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. And Schl. (Alismataceae). ResumoAs plantas aquáticas são capazes de alterar a sua morfologia em resposta a variações nas condições ambientais, tais como mudanças no nível da água. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do nível da água na morfologia de Sagittaria montevidensis através de medidas de estruturas vegetativas formadas em períodos de seca e de cheia. Nós hipotetizamos que a altura dos indivíduos e a biomassa das folhas de S. montevidensis aumentarão durante períodos de cheia, enquanto a biomassa e diâmetro dos pecíolos, além da área basal da planta, aumentarão durante períodos de seca. Nós amostramos um total de 270 indivíduos, distribuídos em nove bancos de sedimento, por visita, totalizando 1080 plantas. Para comparar a morfologia das plantas entre os períodos de cheia e seca nós medimos o nível de água em cada banco e tomamos as seguintes medidas para cada planta: diâmetro, altura e diâmetro do maior pecíolo. Para comparar a alocação de biomassa entre os períodos de cheia e seca nós amostramos um total de 90 indivíduos em nove bancos de sedimento por visita, totalizando 360 plantas. As plantas foram secas em estufa e pesadas em laboratório. As plantas foram maiores no período de cheia e também apresentaram maior número e biomassa de folhas, maior diâmetro e biomassa de pecíolos e mai...

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