Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in small ruminants of District Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan

Abstract

The present research was planned to assess the occurrence of intestinal parasites in small ruminants of Upper Dir of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. For this purpose, the faecal material was collected randomly with gloved fingers directly from the rectum region of sheep and goats and the faecal materials were then put in hygienic plastic bottles with 10% formalin. The overall 315 (n=184 sheep and n= 131 goats) faecal samples were collected out of 315 samples, 281 were found positive for different parasites. Patterns-wise prevalence of GI parasites of the study area was found. Overall Single parasitism 89.20% (281/315) with 94.0% (173/184) in sheep and 82.43% (108/131) in goats. Double parasitic infection in small ruminant recorded in which Fasciola+ Haemonchus. contortus in sheep were found their prevalence was 25.54% (47/184). While in goats, the double parasitic infection in which Haemonchus contortus+Trichuris spp were found and their prevalence were 23.43% (30/131). The species found in the sample of sheep were includes, i.e., Strongyloides papillosus (41.30%), Heamonchus controtus (21.73%), Trichuris ovis (17.39%), and Fasciola hepatica (13.58%), the corresponding value for goat were Strongyloides spp 33.33% (36/108), Haemonchus spp 28.70%, (27/108), Trichuris spp 25.20% (27/184) and Fasciola spp 10.68% (14/184). The sheep of the study area are more infected as compared to goats. This study suggested that gastrointestinal parasites are major health problems of small ruminants in the study area. Therefore, a comprehensive study on species of gastrointestinal parasites circulating in the area, control options, cost-effective strategies and awareness about gastrointestinal parasites among the farmers in the study area should be instituted.

The Identification of Trichuris ovis in Free-Range Goats in Two Villages of Ermera Municipality, Timor-Leste

“…It is also observed that none of the upper 95%CI for bucks and Does was less than 1 meaning none of the factors was considered a protective factor. Hassan et al, 2019;Ruhoollah et al, 2021;Yusof et al, 2016).…”

Prevalences and characteristics of Trichuris spp. infection in sheep in pastoral areas of the Tianshan, Xinjiang, China

“…In the present study, distinguishing Trichuris females corresponding to each species of male was difficult because of coinfection with several species. Therefore, females were not identified in this study, and the identification of Trichuris species was based on the key characteristics of the reproductive organs of adult males as is common practice (6,11,15,20). Studies have revealed that the features such as the body length, the whip length to body length proportion, the length of the spicule and its sheath, and the morphometric characteristics of the spines of the spicule sheath are of high discriminatory value in differentiating Trichuris species (6,11).…”

“…The morphological identification of Trichuris spp. was based on the size of the adult male worm, the ratio of whip to body, the length of the copulatory spine, and the shape and size of the spiny sheath (6,11,20,22,26,27). All individuals of Trichuris spp.…”

“…infection can cause chronic cicatricial inflammation of the cecum and colon, resulting in wasting, anaemia and even death (7,24). Currently, the disease is widespread and globally distributed, seriously threatening the sustainability and expansion potential of the farming industry (20).…”

Monitoring of the epizootic situation regarding trichurosis of sheep in the Poltava region

“…Species Т. ovis is registered in Albania, Azores, Belarus, Great Britain, Bulgaria, Russia, Cyprus, India, Estonia, USA, China, Turkey, France, United Kingdom, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Spain, Canada, Philippines, Australia, Africa, Sweden, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Nigeria, South America, and Ukraine (Morales et al, 2001;Kuchai et al, 2011;de Jong et al, 2014;Jegede et al, 2015;de Jong, 2016;Ruhoollah, Khan et al, 2021). The GBIF Information System platform has 175 georeferenced distribution records T. ovis in the world (Fig.…”