Do Dipteryx alata Vogel seedlings recover the quality and the photosynthetic and antioxidant responses in the post-flooding?

Abstract

Dipteryx alata Vogel is a tree species widely found in Cerrado, settling preferentially in well drained soils. Studies related to ecophysiology of D. alata may contribute to the decision making about using seedlings of this species in projects aimed at the recovery of degraded areas where seasonal flooding happens. This study aimed to assess the effects of flooding on photosynthetic and antioxidant metabolism and quality of D. alata seedlings cultivated or not under flooding during four assessment periods (0, 20, 40, and 60 days), followed by 100 days after the end of each assessment period (0+100, 20+100, 40+100, and 60+100 days), allowing verifying the potential for post-flooding recovery. Flooded plants showed lower photosynthetic efficiency than non-flooded plants, regardless of the periods of exposure. However, this efficiency was recovered in the post-flooding, with values similar to that of the non-flooded seedlings. Moreover, the damage to FV/FM was evidenced by an increase in the period of exposure to flooding, but recovery was also observed at this stage of the photosynthetic metabolism. Seedling quality decreased under flooding, not varying between periods of exposure, but remained lower although the increase observed in the post-flooding period, with no recovery after flooding. The occurrence of hypertrophied lenticels associated with physiological changes and an efficient antioxidant enzyme system might have contributed to the survival and recovery of these seedlings. Thus, this species is sensitive to flooding stress but capable of adjusting and recovering metabolic characteristics at 100 days after the suspension of the water stress, but with no recovery in seedling quality. Thus, we suggested plasticity under the cultivation condition and determined that the time of 100 days is not enough for the complete resumption of growth.

Salicylic acid on gas exchange and growth of Hymenaea courbaril L. seedlings under flooding

“…Other species also had potential for ecological resilience owing to their physiological plasticity to flooding, including Dipteryx alata Vogel. (Linné et al, 2023) and Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Cremon et al, 2020), which presents adjustments and survival.…”

“…Owing to climate change and anthropism, many regions are subject to flooding during certain periods. Under these conditions, there is usually a reduction in gas exchange owing to stomatal closure and membrane damage (León et al, 2021;Santos et al, 2022a;Linné et al, 2023). A plant's response to abiotic stress factors is associated with the intensity of exposure and its phenotypic plasticity, which confers its potential for ecological resilience.…”

Does silicon and salicylic acid contribute in the morphophysiology of Schinus terebinthifolia seedlings under flooding?

“…Morphological adaptation, such the emergence of adventitious roots and lenticels, contributes to the ecological plasticity of the species under flooding (Linné et al, 2023), favoring their potential for resilience, favor gas exchange between the internal tissues and the external environment. However, adaptive responses to flooding vary with the species.…”

“…The lowest E correlates with the smallest g s in the same cultivation condition. According to Linné et al (2023), who observed woody forestry species under flooding conditions, this is due to the appearance of hypertrophied lenticels altering photosynthetic rates for certain periods; another hypothesis is the reduction of transpiration due to inefficiency of stomatal control. The maintenance of WUE values at 30 days indicates stability both in CO 2 assimilation and in leaf transpiration, reinforcing the beneficial effect of these doses on water regulation.…”

“…The reduction in O 2 concentration (anoxia) in the soil becomes limiting to photosynthetic metabolism and plant growth, especially because the plants under study present high metabolic demands (Gonçalves et al, 2013). Morphoanatomical changes such as formation of adventitious roots and hypertrophic lenticel, and these changes lead to the ecological adaptation of species (Linné et al, 2023). These demands lead to higher energy expenditure; thus, the metabolic and morphological differentiation of seedlings may be hindered due to oxidative stress according to time of exposure to stress.…”