Evaluation of methanolic crude extract of Linum usitatissimum for the removal of biofilm in diabetic foot isolates

Iqbal, Mujahid; Hassan, Waseem; Ali, Sikander; Ahmed, Hammad; Hassan, Souad

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.245807

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The mucilaginous infusion “Linseed tea” is useful for gonococcal infection [ 15 ]. Various pharmacological studies have proven its analgesic, antipyretic [ 36 ], Gram-negative and Gram-positive antibacterial properties [ 32 , 86 ]. One study screened its inhibitory effects against four types of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, namely S. aureus , B. cereus , K. pneumoniae , and P. aeruginosa, for four different extracts of L. usitatissimum seeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic Efficacy of a Formulation Prepared with Linum usitatissimum L., Plantago ovata Forssk., and Honey on Uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Analyzed with Machine Learning Techniques

et al. 2023

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A single-blind double-dummy randomized study was conducted in diagnosed patients (n = 66) to compare the efficacy of Linseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.), Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk.), and honey in uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease (uPID) with standard drugs using experimental and computational analysis. The pessary group received placebo capsules orally twice daily plus a per vaginum cotton pessary of powder from linseeds and psyllium seeds, each weighing 3 gm, with honey (5 mL) at bedtime. The standard group received 100 mg of doxycycline twice daily and 400 mg of metronidazole TID orally plus a placebo cotton pessary per vaginum at bedtime for 14 days. The primary outcomes were clinical features of uPID (vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain (LAP), low backache (LBA), and pelvic tenderness. The secondary outcomes included leucocytes (WBCs) in vaginal discharge on saline microscopy and the SF-12 health questionnaire. In addition, we also classified both (pessary and standard) groups using machine learning models such as Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and AdaBoost (AB). The pessary group showed a higher percentage reduction than the standard group in abnormal vaginal discharge (87.05% vs. 77.94%), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)-LAP (80.57% vs. 77.09%), VAS-LBA (74.19% vs. 68.54%), McCormack pain scale (McPS) score for pelvic tenderness (75.39% vs. 67.81%), WBC count of vaginal discharge (87.09% vs. 83.41%) and improvement in SF-12 HRQoL score (94.25% vs. 86.81%). Additionally, our DT 5-fold model achieved the maximum accuracy (61.80%) in the classification. We propose that the pessary group is cost-effective, safer, and more effective as standard drugs for treating uPID and improving the HRQoL of women. Aucubin, Plantamajoside, Herbacetin, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, Secoisolariciresinol Monoglucoside, and other various natural bioactive molecules of psyllium and linseeds have beneficial effects as they possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. The anticipated research work is be a better alternative treatment for genital infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The petroleum ether extract established considerable inhibitory effects against all four bacteria. The ethanol extract also showed significant antibacterial activities [ 26 , 34 , 86 ]. Linseed protein extract showed antibacterial activity against the selected micro-organisms, especially Gram-negative bacteria [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Efficacy of a Formulation Prepared with Linum usitatissimum L., Plantago ovata Forssk., and Honey on Uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Analyzed with Machine Learning Techniques

et al. 2023

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“…Via MBC detection, there were very negligible differences between linseed extract (31.32 ± 0.03 µg/mL) and control (31.22 ± 0.03 µg/mL) ( Figure 5 ), but the MBC/MIC index of linseed extract and control were 2 and 1, respectively, indicating the bactericidal properties of linseed extract, due to its MBC/MIC indexing not being above 4 times its MIC. Haroon et al [ 21 ] showed that E. coli , S. aureus, and K. pneumonia were susceptible to linseed extract with MIC values ranging from 10 to 120 mg/mL. The bactericidal potential of linseed extract may be due to its hydrophobicity; these characteristics may deactivate transport proteins and microbial adhesion, resulting in a disturbance of the cell membrane of bacteria [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects of an aqueous extract of flaxseed were reported in vitro and in vivo in an investigational model of rats [ 20 ]. Remarkable antibacterial activity of L. usitatissimum was recorded by Haroon et al [ 21 ] against S. aureus and other bacterial species isolated from diabetic patients; owing to this activity, Haroon et al [ 21 ] suggested the application of linseed-coated bandages for diabetic foot infection treatment. Therapeutic action of linseeds, including analgesic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory action, has been reported to lower the glucose level in the blood and reduce the human body’s resistance to insulin [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Biomedical Applications for Linseed Extract: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Vitro

Alawlaqi

Al-Rajhi

Abdelghany

et al. 2023

JFB

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Background: In the last few decades, the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes has accelerated alarmingly and resulted in significant health issues. Morbidity and mortality have increased along with the prevalence of infections caused by MDR bacteria, making the need to solve these problems an urgent and unmet challenge. Therefore, the current investigation aimed to evaluate the activity of linseed extract against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as an isolate from diabetic foot infection. In addition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biological activities of linseed extract were evaluated. Result: HPLC analysis indicated the presence of 1932.20 µg/mL, 284.31 µg/mL, 155.10 µg/mL, and 120.86 µg/mL of chlorogenic acid, methyl gallate, gallic acid, and ellagic acid, respectively, in the linseed extract. Rutin, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and vanillin were also detected in the extract of linseed. Linseed extract inhibited MRSA (35.67 mm inhibition zone) compared to the inhibition zone (29.33 mm) caused by ciprofloxacin. Standards of chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, methyl gallate, rutin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and coumaric acid compounds reflected different inhibition zones against MRSA when tested individually, but less than the inhibitory action of crude extract. A lower MIC value, of 15.41 µg/mL, was observed using linseed extract than the MIC 31.17 µg/mL of the ciprofloxacin. The MBC/MIC index indicated the bactericidal properties of linseed extract. The inhibition % of MRSA biofilm was 83.98, 90.80, and 95.58%, using 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively, of the MBC of linseed extract. A promising antioxidant activity of linseed extract was recorded, with an IC50 value of 20.8 µg/mL. Anti-diabetic activity of linseed extract, expressed by glucosidase inhibition, showed an IC50 of 177.75 µg/mL. Anti-hemolysis activity of linseed extract was documented at 90.1, 91.5, and 93.7% at 600, 800, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. Anti-hemolysis activity of the chemical drug indomethacin, on the other hand, was measured at 94.6, 96.2, and 98.6% at 600, 800, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. The interaction of the main detected compound in linseed extract (chlorogenic acid) with the crystal structure of the 4G6D protein of S. aureus was investigated via the molecular docking (MD) mode to determine the greatest binding approach that interacted most energetically with the binding locations. MD showed that chlorogenic acid was an appropriate inhibitor for S. aureus via inhibition of its 4HI0 protein. The MD interaction resulted in a low energy score (−6.26841 Kcal/mol) with specified residues (PRO 38, LEU 3, LYS 195, and LYS 2), indicating its essential role in the repression of S. aureus growth. Conclusion: Altogether, these findings clearly revealed the great potential of the in vitro biological activity of linseed extract as a safe source for combatting multidrug-resistant S. aureus. In addition, linseed extract provides health-promoting antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents. Clinical reports are required to authenticate the role of linseed extract in the treatment of a variety of ailments and prevent the development of complications associated with diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2.

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“…Cr has the most bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) compared to other bacteria in the study. This research revealed that linseed had antibacterial properties that might be utilized to treat diabetic foot[ 104 ]. L. usitatissimum oil and mucilage were investigated for antiulcer activity in a rat model of ethanol-induced stomach ulcer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acknowledging the use of botanicals to treat diabetic foot ulcer during the 21^st century: A systematic review

Narzary¹,

Swarnakar²,

Kalita³

et al. 2023

World J Clin Cases

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BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious health issue of diabetes mellitus that affects innumerable people worldwide. Management and treatment of this complication are challenging, especially for those whose immune system is weak. AIM To discuss the plants and their parts used to heal DFU, along with the mode of their administration in diabetic patients. METHODS The original articles on “the plants for the treatment of DFU” studied in clinical cases only were obtained from various bibliographic databases using different keywords. RESULTS The search resulted in 22 clinical cases records with 20 medicinal plants belonging to 17 families on 1553 subjects. The fruits and leaves were the most preferentially used parts for DFU treatment, regardless of whether they were being administered orally or applied topically. Of the 20 medicinal plants, 19 reported their effectiveness in increasing angiogenesis, epithelialization, and granulation, thus hastening the wound-healing process. The efficacy of these botanicals might be attributed to their major bioactive compounds, such as actinidin and ascorbic acid (in Actinidia deliciosa ), 7-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-galactin (in Ageratina pichinchensis ), omega-3-fatty acid (in Linum usitatissimum ), isoquercetin (in Melilotus officinalis ), anthocyanins (in Myrtus communis ), and plantamajoside (in Plantago major ). CONCLUSION The validation of mechanisms of action underlying these phytocompounds contributing to the management of DFU can aid in our better understanding of creating efficient treatment options for DFU and its associated problems.

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Evaluation of methanolic crude extract of Linum usitatissimum for the removal of biofilm in diabetic foot isolates

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Therapeutic Efficacy of a Formulation Prepared with Linum usitatissimum L., Plantago ovata Forssk., and Honey on Uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Analyzed with Machine Learning Techniques

Therapeutic Efficacy of a Formulation Prepared with Linum usitatissimum L., Plantago ovata Forssk., and Honey on Uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Analyzed with Machine Learning Techniques

Evaluation of Biomedical Applications for Linseed Extract: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Vitro

Acknowledging the use of botanicals to treat diabetic foot ulcer during the 21^st century: A systematic review

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Evaluation of methanolic crude extract of Linum usitatissimum for the removal of biofilm in diabetic foot isolates

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Therapeutic Efficacy of a Formulation Prepared with Linum usitatissimum L., Plantago ovata Forssk., and Honey on Uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Analyzed with Machine Learning Techniques

Therapeutic Efficacy of a Formulation Prepared with Linum usitatissimum L., Plantago ovata Forssk., and Honey on Uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Analyzed with Machine Learning Techniques

Evaluation of Biomedical Applications for Linseed Extract: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Vitro

Acknowledging the use of botanicals to treat diabetic foot ulcer during the 21st century: A systematic review

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Acknowledging the use of botanicals to treat diabetic foot ulcer during the 21^st century: A systematic review