Molecular epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from lower respiratory tract of ICU patients

Abstract

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common infection among hospitalized patients, associated with increased levels of morbidity, mortality and attributable health care costs. Increased resistant Pseudomonas worldwide has been quite meaningful to patients, especially in intensive care unit (ICUs). Different species of Pseudomonas exhibit different genetic profile and varied drug resistance. The present study determines the molecular epidemiology through DNA fingerprinting method and drug resistance of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with LTRIs admitted in ICU. A total of 79 P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with LRTIs admitted in ICU were characterized by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Repetitive Extrapalindromic PCR (REP-PCR). Antibiotic resistance was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay while MDR genes, viz, blaTEM, blaOXA, blaVIM, blaCTX-M-15 were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 137 Pseudomonas sp isolated from ICU patients, 57.7% of the isolates were reported to be P. aeruginosa. The overall prevalence of P. aeruginosa among the all included patients was 34.5%. The RAPD analysis yielded 45 different patterns with 72 clusters with 57% to 100% similarity level. The RFLP analysis yielded 8 different patterns with 14 clusters with 76% to 100% similarity level. The REP PCR analysis yielded 37 different patterns with 65 clusters with 56% to 100% similarity level. There was no correlation among the different DNA patterns observed between the three different methods. Predominant of the isolates (46.8%) were resistant to amikacin. Of the 79 isolates, 60.8% were positive for blaTEM gene and 39.2% were positive for blaOXA gene. P. aeruginosa was predominantly isolated from patients with LRTIs admitted in ICU. The difference in the similarity level observed between the three DNA fingerprinting methods indicates that there is high inter-strain variability. The high genetic variability and resistance patterns indicates that we should continuously monitor the trend in the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa especially in patients with LRTIs admitted in ICU.

K-mer applied in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome cluster analysis

“…A cluster-randomized trials study is critical when working with antimicrobial resistance as a significant public health concern. In this view, a comparative approach was made by Yang et al (2021) to understand the genetic variability and antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with LTRIs admitted to the intensive care unit. P. aeruginosa infection leads to a deterioration of pulmonary function comparable to TB.…”

Temporal association between antibiotic use and resistance in Gram-negative bacteria

“…The increasing drug resistance towards various antibiotics leads to severe life-threatening conditions and poses a challenge in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections. In addition, the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria adds to the burden of treatment challenges and increased morbidity and mortality (Gurjar et al, 2013;Righi et al, 2017;Shah and Shah, 2015;Yang et al, 2021). By 2050, in the Asia-Pacific region, an estimated 4.73 million deaths will occur annually due to global antimicrobial-resistant and will lead to a comprehensive economic loss of up to $100 trillion (Shah and Shah, 2015;Teillant et al, 2015).…”

Dinâmica espaço-temporal: condições atmosféricas versus manifestações de doenças respiratórias no Baixo Amazonas e Sudoeste do Pará

“…As doenças respiratórias são infecções que ocasionam obstrução na passagem de ar a nível do trato respiratório superior e inferior, fazendo com que grande parte das infecções apresente elevada taxa de óbito no mundo (Thomazelli, 2007;Santana et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2020). Nesse contexto, existem estudos que evidenciam a relação direta entre as variações meteorológicas e a saúde da população, principalmente no comprometimento das funções pulmonar e no aparecimento de doenças no trato respiratório (Carvalho, 2016;Liang et al, 2016;Yi et al, 2019).…”