Fruit orchards under different types of management represent the most common agroforestry practice in central Europe. Traditional fruit orchards with trees usually planted in meadows are at a surplus, providing suitable habitats for many plant and animal species. We examined the influence of different management and biotope types on three insect groups. This study was conducted in thirty orchards across the capital city of the Czech Republic – Prague (496 km²). We investigated the diversities of butterflies, hymenopterans and beetles. Their species richnesses mainly benefitted from orchard management and were partly higher at xerothermic sites than at mesic sites. Red-listed species did not show any clear patterns. Open-landscape specialists were influenced by management, while forest species were influenced by habitat type. Generally, orchard abandonment led to insect biodiversity loss. Therefore, active agricultural management appears to be essential for insect biodiversity conservation in orchards, and different management and biotope types provide suitable conditions for specific species. Mowing and maintaining orchards are two important biodiversity management actions in highly human-populated landscapes.