Rapid assessment of the orchid bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) in the vicinity of an urban Atlantic Forest remnant in São Paulo, Brazil

Species turnover and low stability in a community of euglossine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) sampled within 28 years in an urban forest fragment

“…The species composition recorded in the ESRP is similar to what was documented by other authors in seasonal semideciduous forest fragments located in south-eastern and southern Brazil with some differences concerning the abundance values and presence/absence of less frequent species Garófalo 1991, 1997;Sofia et al 2004;Aguiar and Gaglianone 2012;Knoll and Penatti 2012;Mateus et al 2015;Nemésio et al 2015;Ferronato et al 2018;Cordeiro et al 2019).…”

“…Cândido et al (2018) sampled a diverse orchid bee fauna in 10 forest fragments ranging from 1.6 to 162.3 ha within the urban landscape of a city in the Amazon domain. Similar results were also documented by other authors in different forest fragments located within urban areas (Nemésio et al 2015;Cordeiro et al 2019) or surrounded by monocultures (Milet-Pinheiro and Schlindwein 2005). The orchid bee communities sampled in these studies are characterised by the presence of resilient species with high tolerance to open, non-forested, or disturbed areas and some species that are only recorded in well-preserved fragments or within the forest (Milet-Pinheiro and Schlindwein 2005;Nemésio et al 2015;Cândido et al 2018;Cordeiro et al 2019).…”

“…Samplings were conducted once a month from 9h00 to 12h00, a period with high activity of orchid bee males (Santos and Sofia 2002). Three scent baits were displayed at the edge of the forest fragment containing each 1 ml of the following chemical substances: 1,8-cineole, eugenol, and vanillin, three effective aromatic compounds that are extensively used to attract euglossine males (Brosi 2009;Nemésio et al 2015;Cordeiro et al 2019). Scent baits made of absorbent paper balls with 1 ml of each compound were attached with strings to vegetation branches up to 1.5 m from the soil.…”

“…Considering the city expansion area from the past 20 years and a fire event that consumed 46% of the forest fragment 4 years before the fieldwork conducted in the present study (Turioni 2014), we hypothesised that the orchid bee diversity would be lower when compared with the previous samplings. In addition, given that some orchid bee species seem to be more susceptible to habitat alteration and degradation (Powell and Powell 1987;Giangarelli et al 2009;Ferronato et al 2018), we expected to record a higher abundance of species commonly found in urban and/or altered areas (Raw 1989;Aguiar and Gaglianone 2012;Nemésio et al 2015;Cordeiro et al 2019) when compared with species considered to be more environmentally sensitive.…”

Surveys of the bee (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) community in a Neotropical savanna using pan traps

“…Avulsos Zool., 2020; v.60: e20206031 6/12 be relatively ineffective (McCravy & Ruholl, 2017). Traps designed to collect male bees of Euglossini may also be used (traps described by Cordeiro et al, 2019). Although these traps require scents to attract bees, they are not expensive, and work very well in Neotropical savanna ecosystems, even with the low abundance of these bees in these ecosystems (Viotti et al, 2013), and can therefore increase knowledge on bee richness of an area.…”