Herbivore, parasitoid and hyperparasitoid insects associated with fruits and seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Fabaceae)

Abstract

This study aimed to inventory the herbivore insects associated with Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Fabaceae) fruits and seeds and their primary and secondary parasitoids. Six samples collected between May and October 2013 yielded 210 fruits, from which 326 insects of six orders emerged: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera and Psocoptera. Coleoptera (five families) was represented by the seed consumers Merobruchus bicoloripes Pic, Stator sp. Bridwell (Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), two species of Silvanidae, one species of Scolytinae (Curculionidae), one species of Nitidulidae and one species of Cerambycidae. The cerambycid was also observed forming galleries on fruit mesocarp. Immature individuals of Lepidoptera were observed consuming the fruits and seeds. From the seven Hymenoptera families, only two species were associated with Coleoptera, being Horismenus Walker sp. (Eulophidae) as parasitoid of M. bicoloripes, and Neoheterospilus falcatus (Marsh) (Braconidae) as parasitoid of Scolytinae. The Lepidoptera parasitoids represented four genera: Pseudophanerotoma Zetel, Chelonus Panzer (Braconidae), Orgilus Nees (Braconidae) and Goniozus Forster (Bethylidae). The host associations for the reared parasitoids Bracon Fabricius (Braconidae), Pimplinae sp. (Ichneumonidae) and Perilampus Forster (Perilampidae) were not confirmed. We obtained a single representative of Diptera (Tachinidae) associated with Lepidoptera hosts in this food web.

First record of the parasitoid wasp Lymeon sp. (Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) associated with spider eggs-sac of Araneus vincibilis (Araneae: Araneidae) in Northeastern Brazil

“…Ichneumonidae is one of the most species-rich families of Hymenoptera, with approximately 23,000 valid described species worldwide (Yu et al, 2012;Quicke, 2015). All members are endo or ectoparasitoids of other arthropods including larvae and pupae of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera (Camargo et al, 2015;Pereira et al, 2015;Morales-Silva et al, 2018). Some ichneumonid wasps like the Polysphincta genus-group (sensu Gauld and Dubois, 2006), are well known to act exclusively as koinobiont ectoparasitoid on various groups of spiders (e.g.…”

Coleoborers in Bambusa sp. in the Southern Amazon

“…The Cerambycidae family was the second most representative in the present study. Individuals in this family can cause damage to forest species during their larval period by boring trunks, branches and seeds, or during adulthood by sawing parts of plants (Paulino Neto, 2004;Morales-Silva et al, 2019). In this group, the most abundant species was Lissonotus ephippiatus e Trachyderes succinctus.…”

The Chrysidoidea Wasps (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) in Conventional Coffee Crops and Agroforestry Systems in Southeastern Brazil

“…3). This genus is associated to ectoparasitoids of microplepidopteran larvae (Morales- Silva et al, 2019). These last two genera were not very abundant in relation to the others bethylids collected, representing 1,7% of the total collected individuals (Table 2).…”

“…3). These hymenopterans are ectoparasitoids of Lepidoptera and, mainly, Coleoptera that live in cryptic habitats (Evans, 1964;Azevedo & Hermes, 1999;Azevedo et al, 2010Azevedo et al, , 2018Morales-Silva et al, 2019). In agroforestry systems, the presence of different species of trees contribute to increasing the leaf litter stratum, which would consequently contribute to the cryptic habitat of the Bethylidae hosts.…”

“…These insects play an important role in pest control and commercial production (Hanson & Gauld, 2006;Heraty et al, 2011). Among Hymenoptera, the parasitoid wasps of the superfamily Chrysidoidea, composed by the living families Bethylidae, Chrysididae, Dryinidae, Embolemidae, Plumariidae, Sclerogibbidae and Scolebythidae (Brothers, 2006), are associated with different groups of hosts, like Embioptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Phasmatodea (Azevedo & Helmer, 1999;Brothers, 2006;Hanson & Gauld, 2006;Melo et al, 2012;Guglielmino et al, 2013;Martins & Domahovski, 2017a, b;Morales-Silva et al, 2019;Martins et al, 2020). The diversity of this superfamily is estimated at approximately 16,000 species, of which about 8,000 are described (Azevedo et al, 2018;Olmi et al, 2019;Pauli et al, 2019;Chény et al, 2020).…”