Strength Training and Anabolic Steroid Do Not Affect Muscle Capillarization of Middle-Aged Rats

Neto, Walter Krause; Gama, Eliane Florêncio

doi:10.1590/1517-869220172302157902

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…About soleus, two articles demonstrated significantly larger fCSA (Krause Neto & Gama, 2017; Padilha et al., 2019), while others did not show any change (Cassilhas et al., 2013; Deschenes et al., 2000, 2015; Padilha et al, 2017; Prestes et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Rodent sample number per group varied from 4 to 18 rats. Twenty‐three articles described the rat's initial body mass (Antonio‐Santos et al., 2016; Cassilhas et al., 2013; Deus et al., 2012; Deschenes et al., 1994; Deschenes, Sherman, Roby, Glass, & Harris, 2015; Domingos et al., 2012; Gil & Kim, 2015; Grans et al., 2014; Hornberger & Farrar, 2004; Jung et al., 2015; Krause Neto & Gama, 2017; Lee, Hong, & Kim, 2016; Mônico‐Neto et al, 2015; Nascimento et al., 2013; Neves et al, 2019; Padilha et al, 2017; Padilha et al., 2019; Prestes et al, 2009, 2012; Ribeiro et al, 2017; Shamsi et al, 2013; Souza et al., 2014; Tibana et al, 2017). Ladder‐based equipment structure varied from 1–1.3 m of height and 70–90° of inclination between studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The muscles included in the selected articles were quadriceps femoris (Luciano et al, 2017; Neves et al, 2019), soleus (Cassilhas et al., 2013; Deschenes et al., 1994, 2000, 2015; Grans et al., 2014; Krause Neto & Gama, 2017; Padilha et al, 2017; Padilha et al., 2019; Prestes et al, 2012; Ribeiro et al, 2017; Shamsi et al, 2013), tibialis anterior [TA] (Jung et al., 2015; Lee et al, 2016; Neves et al, 2019; Prestes et al, 2012), gastrocnemius (Cassilhas et al., 2013; Grans et al., 2014; Lee et al, 2016; Ribeiro et al, 2017; Souza et al., 2014; Tibana et al, 2017), plantaris (Cassilhas et al., 2013; Deschenes et al., 2015; Mônico‐Neto et al, 2015; Padilha et al., 2019), FHL (Chi, Hou, Wu, Wang, & Yu, 2020; Gil & Kim, 2015; Hornberger & Farrar, 2004; Lee et al, 2016, 2018; Lee & Farrar, 2003; Padilha et al., 2019; Shamsi et al, 2014), extensor digitorum longus [EDL] (Deschenes et al., 1994; Krause Neto & Gama, 2017; Lim et al, 2018), flexor digitorum profundus [FDP] (Chi et al., 2020; Kwon et al, 2018), flexor digitorum longus [FDL] (Cassilhas et al., 2013), tríceps brachialis (Nascimento et al., 2013) and bíceps brachialis (Souza et al., 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the analysis of myofibers hypertrophy, 16 articles measured the mean fCSA (Cassilhas et al., 2013; Chi et al., 2020; Deschenes et al., 2000, 2015; Jung et al., 2015; Krause Neto & Gama, 2017; Kwon et al, 2018; Lee et al, 2018; Lim et al, 2018; Luciano et al, 2017; Nascimento et al., 2013; Neves et al, 2019; Padilha et al, 2017; Padilha et al., 2019; Prestes et al, 2012; Tibana et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About EDL, one article showed fCSA hypertrophy (Lim et al, 2018), while others did not (Krause Neto & Gama, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle hypertrophy and ladder‐based resistance training for rodents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to review the effects of ladder‐based resistance training (LRT) on muscle hypertrophy and strength in rodents through a systematic review with meta‐analysis. We systematically searched PubMed/Medline, SportDiscuss, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scielo database on May 18, 2020. Thirty‐four studies were included measuring total (mCSA) or mean muscle fibers cross‐sectional area (fCSA) or maximum load‐carrying capacity (MLCC) or muscle mass (MM). About the main results, LRT provides sufficient mechanical stimulation to increase mCSA and fCSA. Meta‐analysis showed a significant overall effect on the fCSA (SMD 1.89, 95% CI [1.18, 2.61], p < .00001, I2 = 85%); however, subgroup analysis showed that some muscle types might not be hypertrophied through the LRT. Meta‐analysis showed a significant training effect on the MM (SMD 0.92, 95% CI [0.52, 1.32], p < .00001, I2 = 72%). Sub‐group analysis revealed that soleus (SMD 1.32, 95% CI [0.11, 2.54], p = .03, I2 = 86%) and FHL (SMD 1.92, 95% CI [1.00, 2.85], p < .0001, I2 = 71%) presented significant training effects, despite moderate heterogeneity levels (I2 = 72%). MLCC increases considerably after a period of LRT, regardless of its duration and the characteristics of the protocols (SMD 12.37, 95% CI [9.36, 15.37], p < .00001, I2 = 90%). Through these results, we reach the following conclusions: (a) LRT is efficient to induce muscle hypertrophy, although this effect varies between different types of skeletal muscles, and; (b) the ability of rodents to carry load increases regardless of the type and duration of the protocol used.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About EDL, one article showed fCSA hypertrophy (Lim et al, 2018), while others did not (Krause Neto & Gama, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle hypertrophy and ladder‐based resistance training for rodents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2020

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Testosterone is Key to Increase the Muscle Capillary Density of Old and Trained Rats

Neto

Silva

et al. 2019

J Morphol Sci

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Introduction It is indicated that aging reduces muscular vascularity. Thus, strategies that aim to reverse or decrease the progression of these changes are suggested. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the blood capillary density of the plantaris muscle (PL) of aged rats submitted to strength training and exogenous testosterone use. Methods A total of 30 rats were divided equally into the following groups: EA: 20 months old; OLD: 24 months old; OLD + S: testosterone; ST: strength training; and ST + S: strength training + testosterone. Strength training was performed 3 times a week for 15 weeks. Testosterone administration was performed by the intraperitoneal method 2 times a week at a dose of 10mg/kg. All of the morphological parameters were analyzed using morphoquantitative techniques. Results A significant increase in the capillaries numerical density of the OLD + S and ST + S groups. The OLD + S and ST + S groups demonstrated a higher ratio of capillaries per myofiber than the EA, OLD and ST groups. The OLD and ST groups had a higher ratio than the EA group. The OLD + S, ST and ST + S groups presented a statistically significant increase in the cross-sectional area in the type I fibers when compared with the EA and OLD groups. However, the ST group showed a significant increase compared with the OLD group. In type II fibers, the ST and ST + S groups showed a greater cross-sectional area than the EA group. As for the mean cross-sectional area, the ST and ST + S groups presented significantly larger areas than the other groups. Conclusion Anabolic steroid administration is crucial to increase the blood capillary density of the plantaris muscle of old rats, independently of the effects of strength training.

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Total training load may explain similar strength gains and muscle hypertrophy seen in aged rats submitted to resistance training and anabolic steroids

et al. 2017

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This study aimed to quantify training parameters and analyze the morphological response of aged muscles submitted to resistance training and anabolic steroids. Aged Wistar rats were divided into groups: C - initial control; CF - final control; CAS - control with anabolic steroid, RT - resistance training, and RTA - resistance training with anabolic steroid. Maximum carried load, absolute and relative loads increased significantly in RT and RTA. RTA demonstrated greater relative load than RT. Average total volume, total climbing volume, relative total volume, relative total climbing volume, and mean climbing volume were similar between groups RT and RTA. For soleus, CAS, RT, and RTA enlarged cross-sectional area of type I fibers and nuclear ratio. As for type II fibers, RTA was higher than C and CF. For plantaris, RT and RTA showed significant increases in myofibers type I compared to C and CF. For type II fibers, RTA showed a significant increase compared to C and CF. Regarding the nuclear ratio, RT and RTA showed a higher ratio than C, CF, and CAS. Our results demonstrated that both RT and RTA were not different among the analyzed morphological parameters. This fact can be explained by the absence of differences found in the training variables analyzed.

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Strength Training and Anabolic Steroid Do Not Affect Muscle Capillarization of Middle-Aged Rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Muscle hypertrophy and ladder‐based resistance training for rodents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Muscle hypertrophy and ladder‐based resistance training for rodents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Testosterone is Key to Increase the Muscle Capillary Density of Old and Trained Rats

Total training load may explain similar strength gains and muscle hypertrophy seen in aged rats submitted to resistance training and anabolic steroids

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