How to tell a happy from an unhappy schizotype: personality factors and mental health outcomes in individuals with psychotic experiences

Alminhana, Letícia Oliveira; Farias, Miguel; Claridge, Gordon; Cloninger, C. Robert; Moreira‐Almeida, Alexander

doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1944

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…These and other findings suggest that a disposition towards PE, including hallucinations and other positive schizotypy symptoms, are not necessarily good predictors of a mental disorder, while other psychotic symptoms, such as introverted anhedonia and cognitive disorganization, may indeed be robust markers of psychopathology [4] . However, we are still lacking evidence about the underpinning variables that can help us predict when a person with schizotypal features will develop in terms of QoL into a healthy or an unhealthy schizotype.…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Participants were regarded by the spiritual healers as "mediums" (individuals allegedly able to contact the spiritual dimension) [4] . We included subjects older than 18 years who were not former participants of the Spiritist Center.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They did not receive any payment for study participation. All participants completed the SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV) and a qualitative interview about the presence of anomalous experiences at time 1 [4] . At time 2, we used only a QoL scale, because we consider 1 year a very short interval to collect personality data again, and, also, because we wanted to check if personality dimensions and schizotypal traits were able to predict 1-year-longer QoL.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At time 2, we used only a QoL scale, because we consider 1 year a very short interval to collect personality data again, and, also, because we wanted to check if personality dimensions and schizotypal traits were able to predict 1-year-longer QoL. We presented cross-sectional and mental health data in another study by Alminhana et al [4] . Follow-up data (78% of time 1 participants) were collected only for QoL between April 2010 and August 2011; 24 participants were lost to follow-up because they had moved house or did not reply to our call; 3 participants passed away.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only individuals with a profile of high or negative schizotypy present a high vulnerability to mental health problems [3,4] . A number of studies has highlighted an association between negative schizotypy and poor quality of life (QoL) [5,6] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Self-Directedness Predicts Quality of Life in Individuals with Psychotic Experiences: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

et al. 2017

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There is a high prevalence of psychotic-like experiences in nonclinical patient cohorts from Brazil. This study aimed to test whether personality dimensions, as well as schizotypy, are important predictors of quality of life (QoL) in individuals with psychotic experiences (PE). Method: 115 participants were recruited from Spiritist Centers in Brazil. At the 1-year follow up, 90 participants (78%) were reassessed. Instruments were the SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV), TCI-R 140 (Revised Temperament and Character Inventory), OLIFE-R (Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences), and WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization QoL Instrument). Results: Mean age (±SD) was 36.8 (±12.5) years; 70% were female. Participants reported 74.4% of PE at time 1 and 72.3% at time 2. At time 1, temperament and character explained 47% of the psychological QoL variance; self-directedness was the strongest predictor of higher QoL, while harm avoidance and introverted anhedonia predicted worse QoL. At the 1-year follow-up, self-directedness remained the most important predictor of psychological QoL. Conclusion: Individuals reporting PE can show psychological QoL when they are high on self-directedness. Those with high levels of introverted anhedonia and cognitive disorganization can have a lower QoL and may be at risk for mental health problems.

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confidence: 74%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Directedness Predicts Quality of Life in Individuals with Psychotic Experiences: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

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Fostering Well-being: Spirituality and Creativity in Clinical Practice

Alminhana

Cloninger

2019

Spirituality, Religiousness and Health

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Nonordinary Experiences, Well-being and Mental Health: A Systematic Review of the Evidence and Recommendations for Future Research

et al. 2023

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Throughout history, people have reported nonordinary experiences (NOEs) such as feelings of oneness with the universe and hearing voices. Although these experiences form the basis of several spiritual and religious traditions, experiencing NOEs may create stress and uncertainty among those who experience such events. To provide a more systematic overview of the research linking NOEs with mental health, we present a systematic review of studies focusing on NOEs, wellbeing and mental health indicators. In a search of ProQuest and PsycInfo, we identified 725 references, of which 157 reported empirical data and were included in our review. Overall, the studies reviewed suggest that the relationship between NOEs and mental health is complex, varying according to a series of psychological and social factors. In particular, they suggest that appraisal processes play a fundamental role in the mental health outcomes of these experiences.However, we also highlight important methodological challenges such as the conceptual overlap between NOEs and well-being or psychopathological constructs, the conflation between experiences and appraisal processes in the assessment procedure, and the need for clearer assessment of the duration, controllability, impact on daily functioning and general context of the experiences. We provide a qualitative summary of empirical evidence and main themes of research, and make recommendations for future investigation.

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How to tell a happy from an unhappy schizotype: personality factors and mental health outcomes in individuals with psychotic experiences

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Self-Directedness Predicts Quality of Life in Individuals with Psychotic Experiences: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

Self-Directedness Predicts Quality of Life in Individuals with Psychotic Experiences: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

Fostering Well-being: Spirituality and Creativity in Clinical Practice

Nonordinary Experiences, Well-being and Mental Health: A Systematic Review of the Evidence and Recommendations for Future Research

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