Symptoms of anxiety and depression are related to cardiovascular responses to active, but not passive, coping tasks

Yuenyongchaiwat, Kornanong; Baker, Ian S.; Sheffield, David

doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1935

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Although different measurement times were utilized by Bos et al (2014) , a similar broad pattern was also established for DBP, with levels returning to baseline levels by 20 min. Previous research has suggested that SBP is more commonly implicated in stress outcomes compared to DBP, with, for example, significant SBP, and not DBP, reactivity following moderate acute stress ( Yuenyongchaiwat et al, 2016 ), and SBP, but not DBP, associated with increased cardiovascular risk across a 23-year longitudinal study ( Hao et al, 2017 ). However, the reasons underlying this pattern remain unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress tests has been associated with pre-existing (clinical but also sub-clinical) symptoms of anxiety and depression, however, there is a great deal of variability across these studies. For example, individuals with high depressive (but non-clinical) symptoms demonstrate exaggerated BP and heart rate responses following a range of acute stress tests (e.g., Stroop test, speech, anger recall) ( Light et al, 1998 ; Kibler and Ma, 2004 ), though the nature of the task may determine whether this relationship is shown ( Yuenyongchaiwat et al, 2016 ). State anxiety has also been found to be positively associated with BP responses to the cold pressor and anger recall tests ( Pointer et al, 2011 ), whilst subjectively perceived stress of a psychological stressor is also greater in those with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms ( de Rooij et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST): Physiological and Subjective Responses in Anticipation, and Post-stress

Shilton

Laycock

2017

Front. Psychol.

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The Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST) is designed to be a simple, quick, and non-invasive procedure aimed at activating the human stress system. The MAST has been developed by combining elements from two of the most common experimental paradigms measuring stress, the Trier Social Stress Test and the Cold Pressor Test. The aim of this study was to use the MAST procedure to elicit strong autonomic and subjective stress responses that can be quantified in terms of (systolic and diastolic) blood pressure, pulse rate (PR), and state anxiety ratings. In healthy individuals, the MAST induced a significant elevation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) from baseline for up to 30 min post-MAST, while diastolic blood pressure (DBP) dropped to baseline within 10 min post-MAST. Interestingly, the presentation of instructions alerting participants to the procedure resulted in significant elevation of both SBP and DBP above baseline. However, BP measurements prior to test initiation were not as high as those measured immediately after the MAST procedure. PR data showed limited variability across time points. Self-reported state anxiety increased dramatically from baseline to immediately following the MAST procedure. Further, individuals who reported higher levels of depression and stress were more likely to demonstrate larger increases in SBP in response to the MAST. Together, these results support the use of the MAST as a useful tool to activate both acute physiological and subjective measures of the stress response in healthy adults lasting up to 30 min.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST): Physiological and Subjective Responses in Anticipation, and Post-stress

Shilton

Laycock

2017

Front. Psychol.

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“…A pattern consistently and robustly found since that initial meta‐analysis (Brinkmann et al., 2009; Carroll et al., 2007; Phillips, 2011a; Salomon et al., 2013; Schwerdtfeger & Gerteis, 2013; York et al., 2007). While the one recent study to show exaggerated CVR to the cold pressor (Kaushik et al., 2019) is at odds with these studies, one possible reason for this discrepancy is that CVR has been found to vary by task, that is, active (e.g., speech task) and passive (e.g., cold pressor) stressors employed (Yuenyongchaiwat et al., 2015, 2017). Others have suggested that increased levels of depressive symptomology and exaggerated CVR to stress may operate independently of one another, and it may be lower CVR that is a marker of depression (Phillips, 2011a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Motivational orientation mediates the association between depression and cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress

et al. 2020

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Recent theoretical developments in cardiovascular reactivity research suggest the association between depression and blunted reactions to stress is linked to motivational factors. Thus, the present study aimed to test whether the association between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress was mediated by motivation; be it intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. One hundred and eighty‐two healthy young adults completed measures of motivation (Global Motivation Scale; GMS), and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS) and had their blood pressure and heart rate monitored throughout a standardised stress testing protocol. Results indicated that depression was negatively associated with both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) reactions to the stress task (all ps < .05), such that those who reported higher depressive symptomology displayed a blunted response. Furthermore this relationship was mediated by intrinsic, but not extrinsic motivation; the blunted responses were less pronounced through intrinsic motivation. The present findings add extensively to existing research and confirm that motivation is an underlying mechanism linking depression and cardiovascular reactivity.

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“…In contrast with the traditional “Reactivity hypothesis”, several studies have found that blunted cardiovascular reactivity is associated with some poor health outcomes (Phillips, ; Phillips, Hunt, Der, & Carroll, ; Ruiz‐Robledillo, Bellosta‐Batalla, & Moya‐Albiol, ). Most studies have examined the association of blunted cardiovascular reactivity and negative psychological or behavioral traits using cross‐sectional designs (Jin, Steding, & Webb, ; Phillips, ; Salomon, Bylsma, White, Pannite, & Rottenberg, ; Yuenyongchaiwat, Baker, & Sheffield, ). For example, Salomon et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blunted cardiovascular reactions are a predictor of negative health outcomes: A prospective cohort study

Yuenyongchaiwat

Sheffield

2017

J Appl Biobehavioral Res

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The study examined whether cardiovascular responses to psychological stress tests predict future anxiety and depression scores 40-months later. Hemodynamic measures were obtained from 102 healthy adults before, during and after mental arithmetic, a speech task, and a cold pressor task. The 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was administered at initial testing and at 40-months follow-up. At initial testing analyses revealed that high anxiety symptoms were characterized by blunted cardiovascular reactions to acute mental stress, particularly mental arithmetic. Furthermore, after adjustment for baseline blood pressure (BP), baseline anxiety levels and traditional risk factors, attenuated systolic BP responses to mental arithmetic were associated with future anxiety levels (ΔR2 = .055). These findings suggest that blunted cardiovascular reactions to stress may be an independent risk factor for future anxiety levels

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Symptoms of anxiety and depression are related to cardiovascular responses to active, but not passive, coping tasks

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

The Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST): Physiological and Subjective Responses in Anticipation, and Post-stress

The Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST): Physiological and Subjective Responses in Anticipation, and Post-stress

Motivational orientation mediates the association between depression and cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress

Blunted cardiovascular reactions are a predictor of negative health outcomes: A prospective cohort study

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