Critical neuropsychobiological analysis of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents confronted with snakes in polygonal arenas and complex labyrinths: a comparison to the elevated plus- and T-maze behavioral tests

Abstract

Both EPM and ETM simple labyrinths are excellent apparatuses for the study of anxiety- and instinctive fear-related responses, respectively. The confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas, however, offers a more ethological environment for addressing both unconditioned and conditioned fear-induced behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs.

Estudo do envolvimento do sistema serotoninérgico do núcleo dorsal da rafe na elaboração do comportamento de defesa e da antinocicepção induzida pelo medo inato evocados por estimulação química dos corpos quadrigêmeos

“…Similar to the first set of experiments, according to one-way ANOVA, IC treatment with NMDA at 12 nmol (vehicle-NMDA-treated group) significantly increased the frequency [F (5,30) = 8.49, p < 0.001] and duration [F (5,30) = 8.93, p < 0.001] of freezing compared with the vehicle-vehicle-treated control group. Pretreatment of the DRN with R-96544 at different doses (5, 10 and 15 nM) decreased the frequency (Newman-Keuls post hoc test; p < 0.001 in all cases) and duration (Newman-Keuls post hoc test; p < 0.001 in all cases) of freezing.…”

“…5E). In regard to crossing, there was also a significant effect of treatment [F (5,30) = 6.30, p < 0.001]. The vehicle-NMDA-treated group had an increased frequency of crossing (Newman-Keuls post hoc test; p < 0.01), and pretreatment of the DRN with R-96544 at different doses (5, 10 and 15 nM) decreased that escape-related motor response (Newman-Keuls post hoc test; p < 0.01 in all cases), as shown in Fig.…”

“…Ethoexperimental approaches to the defensive reactions displayed by laboratory animals allow us to better understand the behavioural alterations that occur in individuals experiencing a panic attack-like response [1][2][3][4][5]. It has been established that some midbrain tectum structures, such as the periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) [6,7], the deep layers of the superior colliculus (dlSC) [6,[8][9][10], and the inferior colliculus (IC) [1,[11][12][13][14], when electrically or chemically stimulated, trigger defensive responses, which are considered panic attack-like behaviours [9,13].…”

“…In fact, it seems that 5-HT 1A/2A receptors localised in mesencephalic structures mediate panic attack-like behavioural responses. Interestingly, Biagioni et al (2013) [23] showed that escape behaviours organised by neurons of the medial hypothalamus (MH), a diencephalic region also involved in the mediation of panic attack-like defensive reactions [41], can be attenuated by reduction of the activity of 5-HT excitatory ascending pathways from the DRN via microinjections of the selective serotonergic neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5, into the DRN.…”

Envolvimento dos sistemas glutamatérgico, endocanabinoide e endovaniloide do córtex pré-frontal medial no modelo de dor neuropática e na comorbidade dor crônica e ansiedade/pânico

“…Os animais do grupo Sham após o confronto tiveram seus limiares de sensibilidade aos estímulos mecânicos alterados, sugerindo tolerâmcia ao estímulo mecânico. Tal efeito similar a antinocicepção era esperado, uma vez que as reações defensivas desencadeiam o processo da antinocicepção induzida pelo medo(Freitas e cols., 2009, Coimbra e cols., 2006, 2017a; considerando que os animais com DNC (21 dias após a CCI) estão em estado de estresse crônico, evidenciamos, no presente trabalho, diminuição do limiar de von Frey imediatamente após o confronto com a serpente. Portanto, podemos propor que, de fato, a comorbidade entre DC e ansiedade/pânico ansiogênico em animais com DC.…”