Higher prevalence of major depressive symptoms in Brazilians aged 14 and older

Abstract

Objective: Depression is a highly prevalent condition and is considered a major public health issue. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the Brazilian population and establish their sociodemographic correlates. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2005 and April 2006. Data were collected in face-to-face interviews using a standardized questionnaire. The sample consisted of 3,007 interviews with individuals aged 14 years and older and followed a probabilistic design covering the Brazilian national territory. Depressive symptoms were assessed according to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results: The observed prevalence of depressive symptoms was 28.3% (13% mild/moderate; 15.3% major/severe; p , 0.01). Increased depressive symptom rates were associated with being a female, being 45 years of age and older, having lower educational attainment, being single, having family income of up to 2.5 times minimum wage, and living in the northern region of Brazil (p , 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in Brazil is high, with major depressive symptoms being the most frequent form of this symptomatology. Considering the biopsychosocial model of mental disorders, this survey points to the involvement of psychosocial factors in the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Brazil.

Prevalence of depression morbidity among Brazilian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Most of the surveys included persons 18 years old and older. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][36][37][38]40,41,43,44,[50][51][52][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] Three studies did not primarily aim to assess the prevalence of depression. 30,35,47 Six national studies were included.…”

“…30,35,47 Six national studies were included. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Nine studies were conducted in the Southeast region, 22,[31][32][33][43][44][45][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] eight in the South region, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]46 two in the Northeast region [47][48][49] and one in the Mid-West region of Brazil. [31][32][33] Eight studies were conducted i...…”

“…35,47 Ten studies did not report participant losses. [23][24][25][26][27][28]30,35,45,48,49,53,62,63 To screen for the prevalence of depressive symptoms, nine studies considered self-reported depression, [23][24][25][26][27][28]30,34,46,47,53 and 11 used the following tools: 1) Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Questionnaire (Questioná rio de Morbidade Psiquiá trica de Adultos, QMPA) [31][32][33]48,49 ; 2) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 35,62,63 ; 3) Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) 29 ; 4) Composite International Diagnostic Interview ShortForm (CIDI SF) 54 ; 5) Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) 42 ; 6) Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) 40 ; and 7) Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD). 45 The seven studies that screened for major depressive disorder used the following tools: the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), 22,43,44,[50]…”

Depressão E Masculinidades: Uma Revisão Sistemática Da Literatura Em Periódicos Brasileiros

“…Dos 17 artigos,16 3 tinham como foco uma comparação entre homens e mulheres, apenas um teve como foco exclusivamente os homens (Botti et al, 2010 (Coelho et al, 2013); Escala de Depressão Geriátrica Breve -um artigo (Oliveira et al, 2012); Escala de Depressão Pós-Natal de Edimburgo -um artigo (Cunha et al, 2012); Escala Patient Healht Questionnaire -dois artigos (Zinn-Souza et al, 2008;César et al, 2013); Geriatric Depression Scaleum artigo (Lima et al, 2009); Escala de Cornell -um artigo (César et al, 2013); Inventário de Beckdois artigos (Botti et al, 2010;Rocha et al, 2006) Depression -um artigo (Batistoni et al, 2010); Miniexame do Estado Mental -MEEM -um artigo (Ferreira & Tavares, 2013); Self-Reported -SRQ-20 -um artigo (Avanci et al, 2008); Questionário "Brasil Old Age Schedule" -BOAS -um artigo (Leite et al, 2006); Questionário BOMFAQrastreamento da depressão -um artigo (Borges et al, 2013). Esses foram os principais instrumentos utilizados na própria detecção da depressão, ou seja, na seleção do público estudado, ainda que houvesse, em algumas pesquisas, outros instrumentos de avaliação mais qualitativos.…”

“…E na única pesquisa que tratou do público adulto (Botti et al, 2010) a prevalência foi de 56,3%. E, por fim, nos estudos realizados com todas as faixas etárias -em três artigos (Botti et al, 2010;Coelho et al, 2013;Cunha et al, 2012), exceto adolescentes, ou seja, com adultos/as e idosos/as, a prevalência foi de 16,1%, 28,7% e 56,3% e foi maior nos dois estudos que compararam homens e mulheres.…”