Fine particulate matter and ischemic heart diseases inrelation to sex. An ecological time series study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Exposure to some air pollutants is associated with cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of exposure to fine particulate matter in hospitalizations due to ischemic heart disease and the costs to the healthcare system. DESIGN AND SETTING: Time-series ecological study conducted in Taubaté, Brazil. METHODS: Data on hospitalizations due to ischemic heart diseases (ICD I-20 to I-24) in the municipality of Taubaté (SP), Brazil, among adults of both sexes aged 40 years and over, from August 2011 to July 2012, were obtained from DATASUS. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) concentrations were estimated from a mathematical model. Poisson regression was used in statistical analyses to estimate the relative risks of exposure to PM 2.5 for both sexes and after stratification according to sex. The excess of hospitalizations and consequent excess expenditure for the healthcare system were calculated. RESULTS: There were 1040 admissions, among which 382 had ischemic heart diseases (257 males). The mean PM 2.5 concentration was 13.2 µg/m 3 (SD = 5.6). Significant effects from exposure were noted 4 and 5 days after exposure (lag 4 and lag 5) for both sexes and for male sex; for female sex, the effect was 2 days after exposure (lag 2). There were 59 excess hospitalizations for an increase in PM 2.5 concentration of 5 µg/m 3 and excess expenditure of US$ 150,000 for the National Health System. CONCLUSIONS: An excess of hospital admissions due to ischemic heart disease, with excess expenditure, was identified consequent to PM 2.5 exposure.

Estudo da relação da qualidade do ar e variáveis meteorológicas na ocorrência de morbidade respiratória

“…In Brazil, the air quality parameters established by CONAMA are above the parameters adopted in other countries (RIBEIRO et al, 2019). According to Ostro (2004), evaluating the consequences of exposure to atmospheric air can contribute to the definition of emission control priorities.…”

Years of life lost due to premature deaths associated with air pollution: an ecological time-series study

“…However, they concluded that further studies were still needed in order to standardize the assessment methods relating to the effect on health of various pollutants under various circumstances, prior to calculating DALY. 20 In Guangzhou City, China, between 2004 and 2007, the YLL through cardiovascular mortality due to exposure to air pollution was estimated. It was calculated that a 10 μg/m³ increase in NO 2 , SO 2 and PM 10 would resulting in daily average YLL corresponding to 248, 87.5 and 73.7 for deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD) respectively.…”