Relationship between total and segmental bone mineral density and different domains of physical activity among children and adolescents: cross-sectional study

Diniz, Tiego Aparecido; Agostinete, Ricardo Ribeiro; Costa, P.; Saraiva, Bruna Thamyres Ciccotti; Sonvenso, Diego Kanashiro; Freitas, Ismael Forte; Fernandes, Rômulo Araújo; Christofaro, Diego Giulliano Destro

doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0042070417

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Sport is an activity involving physical movement, with defined goals, containing explicit formal rules and structured relationships between athletes [32]. There are multiple health benefits for children and adolescents, such as psychological, cognitive, social [14,18,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42], and musculoskeletal development [43][44][45][46][47], reduced risk of suffering obesity or being overweight [48][49][50], and improved quality of life [40,51,52]. The impact of sport on brain function is significant as it is considered to promote social development and integration, contributing to well-being, even in adulthood [53,54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sport-Based Interventions on Children’s Executive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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One of the most studied aspects of children’s cognitive development is that of the development of the executive function, and research has shown that physical activity has been demonstrated as a key factor in its enhancement. This meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of specific sports interventions on the executive function of children and teenagers. A systematic review was carried out on 1 November 2020 to search for published scientific evidence that analysed different sports programs that possibly affected executive function in students. Longitudinal studies, which assessed the effects of sports interventions on subjects between 6 and 18 years old, were identified through a systematic search of the four principal electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO. A total of eight studies, with 424 subjects overall, met the inclusion criteria and were classified based on one or more of the following categories: working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. The random-effects model for meta-analyses was performed with RevMan version 5.3 to facilitate the analysis of the studies. Large effect sizes were found in all categories: working memory (ES −1.25; 95% CI −1.70; −0.79; p < 0.0001); inhibitory control (ES −1.30; 95% CI −1.98; −0.63; p < 0.00001); and cognitive flexibility (ES −1.52; 95% CI −2.20; −0.83; p < 0.00001). Our analysis concluded that healthy children and teenagers should be encouraged to practice sports in order to improve their executive function at every stage of their development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sport-Based Interventions on Children’s Executive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…[33] Sufficiently active can improve leg and whole body BMD. [34] Thus, it is considered that the vigorous, high impact, weight-bearing loading that includes jumps are effective in order to improve PBM in adolescence (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Position Statement: Exercise Guidelines to Increase Peak Bone Mass in Adolescents

Min

Kim

et al. 2019

J Bone Metab

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Background: An increase in bone mineral density during adolescence increases resistance to fractures in older age. The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean Society of Exercise Physiology developed exercise guidelines to increase the peak bone mass (PBM) in adolescents based on evidence through a systematic review of previous research. Methods: Articles were selected using the systematic method, and the exercise guidelines were established by selecting key questions (KQs) and defining the effects of exercises based on evidence through a literature review for selecting the final exercise method. There were 9 KQs. An online search was conducted on articles published since 2000, and 93 articles were identified. Results: An increase in PBM in adolescence was effective for preventing osteoporosis and fractures in older age. Exercise programs as part of vigorous physical activity (VPA) including resistance and impact exercise at least 5 to 6 months were effective for improving PBM in adolescents. It is recommended that resistance exercise is performed 10 to 12 rep•set-1 1-2 set•region-1 and 3 days•week-1 using the large muscles. For impact exercises such as jumping, it is recommended that the exercise is performed at least 50 jumps•min-1 , 10 min•day-1 and 2 days•week-1. Conclusions: Exercise guidelines were successfully developed, and they recommend at least 5 to 6 months of VPA, which includes both resistance and impact exercises. With the development of exercise guidelines, the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures in the aging society can be reduced in the future, thus contributing to improved public health.

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“…The osteogenic effects of high impact and intense physical activities during childhood and adolescence has been considered an important determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) [1][2][3][4][5]. More recently, higher time spent in sedentary behavior (activities with an energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalent of task in seated, reclined, or lying position [6]) has been associated with lower BMD in youth population [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bone mineral density according to domains of sedentary behavior in children and adolescents

et al. 2022

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Background Somatic maturation and the age at onset of puberty are closely related to bone mineral density (BMD), and are potential confounders of the associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior (SB) and BMD in adolescents. Thus the aim was compare BMD at different anatomical sites according to different domains of SB. Methods The sample consisted of 88 young people (54 boys and 34 girls; 9.5 ± 1.5 years). The self-reported SB was measured by the time spent on TV, computer, video game and smartphone. BMD at each location and throughout the body was assessed by DEXA. Physical activity was assessed by a questionnaire. The comparison of the different types of BMD sites according to the SB levels for each screen device and the total SB were analyzed by Covariance Analysis (ANCOVA). Results Whole-body BMD was higher in young people with low total SB (Total BMD = 0.957 ± 0.042) than in those with moderate (Total BMD = 0.921 ± 0.053) and high SB (Total BMD = 0.929 ± 0.051) (p-value = 0.011). Children and adolescents with low total SB had higher BMD legs (0.965 ± 0.056) than young people with high total SB (BMD legs = 0.877 ± 0.209), but this relationship was attenuated when the analyzes were adjusted for physical activity (p-value = 0.068). Conclusion Adolescents with high sedentary behavior tend to have lower whole body bone mineral density than those with low sedentary behavior.

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Relationship between total and segmental bone mineral density and different domains of physical activity among children and adolescents: cross-sectional study

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of Sport-Based Interventions on Children’s Executive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effects of Sport-Based Interventions on Children’s Executive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Position Statement: Exercise Guidelines to Increase Peak Bone Mass in Adolescents

Comparison of bone mineral density according to domains of sedentary behavior in children and adolescents

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