Pneumonia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in two HIV-positive patients

Abstract

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Bordetella bronchiseptica (BB) is a Gram-negative coccobacillus responsible for respiratory diseases in dogs, cats and rabbits. Reports on its development in humans are rare. However, in immunosuppressed patients, especially in those with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV), BB can cause severe pulmonary infections. We report on two cases of pneumonia caused by BB in HIV-positive male patients in a university hospital. CASE REPORT: The first case comprised a 43-year-old patient who was admitted presenting chronic leg pain and coughing, with suspected pneumonia. BB was isolated from sputum culture and was successfully treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in association with levofloxacin. The second case comprised a 49-year-old patient who was admitted presenting fever, nausea, sweating and a dry cough, also with suspected pneumonia. BB was isolated from sputum culture, tracheal secretions and bronchoalveolar lavage. The disease was treated with ciprofloxacin but the patient died. CONCLUSION: BB should be included in the etiology of pneumonia in immunodeficient HIV patients. As far as we know, these two were the first cases of pneumonia due to BB to occur in this university hospital. RESUMO

Subcutaneous Immunization of Dogs With Bordetella bronchiseptica Bacterial Ghost Vaccine

“…The Bordetella bronchiseptica is gram-negative aerobic coccobacillus and is widely known for causing canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) also known as kennel cough. Apart from dogs, B. bronchiseptica causes respiratory disease in wide range of mammals including immune-deficient humans (1, 2) and in individuals with history of close contact with infected dogs or dogs that are recently vaccinated with live attenuated B. bronchiseptica vaccine (3–8). It causes snuffles in rabbits, pneumonia in guinea-pigs and atrophic rhinitis in swine (3, 4, 9–15).…”

What is New with Bordetella?

“…Although our patient had mild respiratory symptoms (cough, rhinorrhea), the chest X-ray and CT Chest being negative for pertinent findings, did not yield much information. Given the central line already discontinued, it was unlikely to be the source of infection [9][10][11].…”

Canine Bacterial Zoonosis

“…In dogs, it is common in puppies with Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRDC, "kennel cough"), causing rhinitis, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia. It may affect humans who are immunosuppressed, leading to pneumonia and infections of the upper respiratory tract (Bhardwaj et al 2013;Echeverri-Toro et al 2015;Rampelotto et al 2016).…”