Prevalence of risk factors for stuttering among boys: analytical cross-sectional study

Abstract

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There have been few studies on the risk factors for subgroups of stuttering. The aim of this study was to characterize the risk factors for developmental familial stuttering among boys who stutter and who do not stutter, such as disfluency types, associated quality and communication factors, emotional and physical stress, familial attitudes and personal reactions. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study with a control group, performed at the Fluency Studies Laboratory of the Department of Speech and Hearing Disorders of a public university. METHODS:The parents of 40 age-matched stuttering and non-stuttering boys took part in this study. The participants were divided into two groups: stuttering children (SC) and non-stuttering children (NSC), with ages between 6 years 0 months and 11 years 11 months. Initially, all of the participants underwent a fluency assessment and then data were gathered using the Protocol for the Risk of Developmental Stuttering. RESULTS: There were no differences in the physical stress distribution factors and personal reactions between the groups. Inappropriate familial attitudes were presented by 95% of the SC and 30% of the NSC. Four risk factors analyzed were not shown by the NSC, namely stuttering-like disfluency, quality factors, physical stress and emotional stresses. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the presence of stuttering-like disfluency, associated quality and communication factors, emotional stress and inappropriate family attitudes are important risk factors for familial developmental stuttering among boys. RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:Há poucos estudos sobre os fatores de risco para os subgrupos de gagueira. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os fatores de risco para a gagueira desenvolvimental familial em meninos que gaguejam e que não gaguejam como tipologia das disfluências, fatores qualitativos e comunicativos associados, estresse físico e emocional, atitude familiar e reação pessoal. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal analítico com um grupo controle, realizado no Laboratório de Estudo da Fluência, que faz parte do Departamento de Fonoaudiologia de uma universidade pública. MÉTODOS: Pais de 40 meninos com e sem gagueira pareados por idade fizeram parte do estudo. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: crianças com gagueira e crianças sem gagueira, com idades entre 6 anos 0 meses e 11 anos 11 meses Inicialmente todos os participantes foram submetidos a uma avaliação de fluência e depois os dados foram coletados por meio do Protocolo de Risco para a Gagueira do Desenvolvimento. RESULTADOS: Não foi observada diferença nos fatores de estresse físicos e reações pessoais entre os grupos. As atitudes inadequadas familiares foram apresentadas por 95% das crianças com gagueira e 30% das crianças sem gagueira. Quatro fatores de risco analisados não ocorreram nas crianças sem gagueira, a saber, disfluências gagas, fatores qualitativos, estresse físico e emocional. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados sugerem que a presença ...

Drug and alcohol in pregnancy and stuttering - a speech-language pathology case report

“…In the present study, because there was no family history of stuttering 3 , the observation of other risk factors corroborated the findings of various authors 2,4-7 who found more risk factors are present in individuals without a family history. These risk factors found in the case presented here are the use of alcohol and drugs during pregnancy (according to the parents' accounts) and delay in language acquisition, as the child only began to speak at the age of three 3 , which can be explained by the high exposure to drugs in the prenatal period and the lack of stimulation from parents during the child's first years of life.…”

Subtypes of stuttering determined by latent class analysis in two Swiss epidemiological surveys

“…There are many parallels between immunological problems and stuttering. Immunological imbalances emerge not only due to infections and atopic diseases, but also due to psychosocial adversities [ 92 – 94 ]. Conversely, inflammatory processes impact neuroendocrine circuits [ 95 , 96 ].…”

Developmental Stuttering Screening Instrument: development and content validation

“…The Protocol of Risk of Developmental Stuttering (PRGD) 29 , which assesses the degree of risk of stuttering as low, medium, and high, is currently the most used clinical instrument in Brazilian research on child stuttering 30,31 . Nevertheless, it has not yet provided content and trustworthiness validity evidence.…”