Relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the echogenicity and pattern of the carotid intima-media complex in men

Sarmento, Priscilla Lopes da Fonseca Abrantes; Plavnik, FL; Puchnick, Andrea; Lima, Joab Oliveira; Miranda, Robson Barbosa de; Ajzen, Sérgio Aron

doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2014.1322490

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…While the traditional risk‐factor profile for IMT has previously been investigated, there is less data on the traditional risk‐factor profile for IM‐GSM. IM‐GSM in the carotid artery has previously been linked to metabolic syndrome risk factors, like insulin resistance, obesity, low HDL and high triglycerides (Andersson et al ., ; De Blois et al ., ; Lind et al ., ; Sarmento et al ., ). Similar findings have been reported for IM‐GSM in the brachial artery (Lind et al ., ), while the femoral artery has not previously been investigated in this respect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A detailed lipoprotein profile in relation to intima‐media thickness and echogenicity of three major arteries

Lind

2019

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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Summary Objective To investigate differences in risk‐factor profile, with special emphasis on detailed characterization of the lipoprotein profile, for intima‐media thickness (IMT) and echogenicity of the intima‐media complex (IM‐GSM) in three major arteries: the carotid, femoral and brachial arteries. Methods IMT and IM‐GSM were measured by ultrasound in the carotid, femoral and brachial arteries in 778 subjects, all aged 75 years (50% women), in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study, in which a detailed lipoprotein profile was also determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results First, IMT was considerably lower, and IM‐GSM higher, in the brachial artery compared to the other two arteries. Second, IMT and IM‐GSM in the arteries were related to each other. Third, significant different traditional risk‐factor profiles were seen for both IMT and IM‐GSM, with generally weaker relationships for IMT in the femoral and brachial arteries compared with the carotid artery. Fourth, the strength of associations between an atherogenic lipoprotein profile and IMT in the carotid artery was attenuated in the femoral artery and virtually absent in the brachial artery. Fifth, slightly different lipoprotein profiles were seen for IM‐GSM in the three arteries. Conclusion Differences between the carotid, femoral and brachial artery IMT and IM‐GSM were seen regarding the traditional risk factors, as well as the lipoprotein profile.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A detailed lipoprotein profile in relation to intima‐media thickness and echogenicity of three major arteries

Lind

2019

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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“…The US images obtained in this study sought to maintain better quality, necessitating a change in technique (gain of brightness and depth) in each case. According to Sarmento et al (2014), this technique, even when altered, does not significantly interfere with grayscale histogram (GSH) results. According to Lima et al (2013), the acoustic reinforcement artifact represents a certain localized increase in echo amplitude that occurs subsequently to a low-attenuation structure such as liquid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, measurements were performed in the upper vessel wall to avoid possible artifact. However, in most studies using GSH to address common carotid arteries in humans (Wohlin et al 2009, Noto et al 2012, Sarmento et al 2014, measurements are performed in the lower (distal) wall because of the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, but it is not possible to affirm whether the reinforcement artifact significantly interferes (positively or negatively) with the GSH results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most GSH studies conducted with humans (Lind et al 2008, Anderson et al 2009, Noto et al 2012, Sarmento et al 2014 focus only on the evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques, and studies addressing the vessel walls of healthy patients have not been found in the surveyed literature, which shows the need for further research on this theme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GSH has been used in human medicine (Wohlin et al 2009, Lee 2010, Mendonça 2017 to assess carotid artery walls in patients with atherosclerotic plaques deposited in the intima and media layers, because carotid artery intima-media complex thickening is considered a marker of early atherosclerosis, and US examination enables visual inspection of the normal-thickness vessel wall. However, there may be variation in echotexture and echogenicity not observed by the specialist during examination, and GSH may add information to diagnosis (Lind et al 2008, Wohlin et al 2009, Anderson et al 2009, Lee 2010, Sarmento et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grayscale histogram analysis to study the echogenicity and echotexture of the walls of the common carotid arteries of horses and mules

et al. 2019

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RESUMO.-[Análise por histograma em escala de cinza para estudo da ecogenicidade e ecotextura das paredes das artérias carótidas comuns de equinos e muares.] A técnica de avaliação da ecogenicidade e ecotextura dos tecidos dos vasos sanguíneos por inspeção visual do exame de ultrassonografia, já é uma prática da rotina médica em humanos. No entanto, a simples visualização manual pode induzir à erros e diagnósticos de pouca qualidade. O uso ABSTRACT.-Fogaça J.L., Vettorato M.C., Puoli-Filho J.N.P., Fernandes M.A.R. & Machado V.M.V. 2019. Grayscale histogram analysis to study the echogenicity and echotexture of the walls of the common carotid arteries of equines and mules. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39 (3):221-229. Visual inspection of ultrasound examination for assessment of echogenicity and echotexture of blood vessel tissues is a technique routinely used in medical practice in humans. However, simple visual inspection can lead to poor quality diagnoses and errors. The use of grayscale histogram (GSH) analysis has proved to be an efficient technique to quantify the region of interest, allowing minimization of image interpretation errors. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the echogenicity and echotexture of the walls of the common carotid arteries of healthy female horses and mules using the GSH technique and correlate them with age, body mass, and vessel diameters. B-mode ultrasound examinations were performed in the left and right common carotid arteries in three regions (cranial, middle, and caudal) in 11 horses and 11 healthy mules. The GSH of the animals showed heterogeneous walls, but did not differentiate statistically between female horses and mules. The Mean variable of the middle right, middle left and caudal right sides showed differences, more significant in the mules. On the middle right side, the Min variable was different, higher in the mules. On the middle and caudal left side, the variables Max and Mode showed higher values in the mules. For the mules, the age factor presented negative correlation with the Mean, Mode,, Mode(Count), and Mode(Count)/Count(%) variables, and the body mass factor presented negative correlation with the Mode, Mean and Max variables. For the female horses, the body mass factor showed positive correlation with the Mean and Mode variables. Echogenicity of the carotid artery walls differed between female horses and mules, whereas echotexture was heterogeneous and statistically similar among the animals. The age and body mass factors inversely influenced the echogenicity of the mules, but were not significant in the female horses, in which only the body mass factor positively influenced echogenicity.

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Carotid wall echogenicity at baseline associates with accelerated vascular aging in a middle-aged population

Nyman

Liv

Wester

et al. 2023

Int J Cardiovasc Imaging

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Ultrasonic echolucent carotid intima-media (IM) complex and accelerated progression of carotid intima mediathickness (cIMT) have both separately been shown to predict future cardiovascular events. The aim of this studywas to evaluate if the echogenicity of the IM-complex is associated with the 3-year progression of cIMT. B-modeultrasound images captured at baseline and 3-year follow-up in the ‘Visualization of asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease for optimum cardiovascular prevention’ (VIPVIZA) trial were included (n: 3154). The bilateral mean cIMT and IM-echogenicity by greyscale median (GSM) were measured in the common carotid artery. Associations between IM-GSM at baseline and the 3-year cIMT progression were investigated using linear regression models for the whole population and stratified by sex, age and VIPVIZA study group (intervention versus control). In addition, adjusted analyses for confounding factors were performed. Unadjusted analysis showed that decreased IM-GSM at baseline was associated with increased progression of cIMT (p < 0.001). Stratified by age, the association was significant among 40 (p < 0.001) and 60 years old (p < 0.001). The association was statistically significant in both sexes and on comparison of VIPVIZA study subgroups. Adjustments for confounding factors did not alter the estimated relationship between IM-GSM and cIMT progression. Echolucent carotid intima media at baseline associates with increased 3-year cIMT progression among an asymptomatic, middle-aged population. Echogenicity of the intima media may identify individuals at risk for accelerated vascular aging.

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Relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the echogenicity and pattern of the carotid intima-media complex in men

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

A detailed lipoprotein profile in relation to intima‐media thickness and echogenicity of three major arteries

A detailed lipoprotein profile in relation to intima‐media thickness and echogenicity of three major arteries

Grayscale histogram analysis to study the echogenicity and echotexture of the walls of the common carotid arteries of horses and mules

Carotid wall echogenicity at baseline associates with accelerated vascular aging in a middle-aged population

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