Workability studies on Al+2.5%TiO2+Gr powder metallurgy composites during cold upsetting

Abstract

Al+2.5%TiO 2 +Gr composites were synthesized through powder metallurgy technique and their workability behavior has been studied under tri-axial stress state condition. The powders were compacted using suitable punch and die in 400 kN hydraulic press and sintered at a temperature of about 590 °C for a period of 3 hours in an electric muffle furnace. The sintered preforms were characterized by XRD and SEM analysis. Then the preforms were subjected to incremental compressive loading of 10 kN until the cracks found at the free surface. The true axial stress (s z ), true hoop stress (s ө ), true hydrostatic stress (s m ) true effective stress (s eff ), formability stress index (β) and stress ratio parameters [(s z /s eff ), (s m /s eff ), (s ө /s eff )] were calculated for all the preforms and these are correlated with the true axial strain (e z ). It is inferred that, the addition of TiO 2 and Gr to the Al matrix material increases the stress ratio parameters and formability stress index (β). A hardness test was also conducted for sintered and cold forged preforms and results are reported.

Analysis the mechanical and tribological properties of tetra hybrid reinforced nanoparticles of titanium metal matrix composites

“…In general terms, increasing the normal load causes the indenter dispersion inside the specimen to rise, which increases the sliding wear rate. 45,46 Additionally, wear rate resistance is improved when strong ceramic is added to a Ti matrix. 47,48 The soft matrix formed by repeated contacts with the steel disk counter surface is shielded by ZrO 2 nanoparticles, which function as surface protuberances.…”

“…Due to the concentration of the reinforcement, there is a significant effect on the wear properties of Ti-base composite materials. Comparing the composite samples (A1-A6), sample A3 composite material has a higher concentration of each reinforcement (B 4 C, SiC, and ZrO 2 ).In general terms, increasing the normal load causes the indenter dispersion inside the specimen to rise, which increases the sliding wear rate 45,46. Additionally, wear rate resistance is improved when strong ceramic is added to a Ti matrix 47,48.…”

Analysis the mechanical and tribological properties of tetra hybrid reinforced nanoparticles of titanium metal matrix composites

“…In general terms, increasing the normal load causes the indenter dispersion inside the specimen to rise, which increases the sliding wear rate. 45,46 Additionally, wear rate resistance is improved when strong ceramic is added to a Ti matrix. 47,48 The soft matrix formed by repeated contacts with the steel disk counter surface is shielded by ZrO 2 nanoparticles, which function as surface protuberances.…”

“…Due to the concentration of the reinforcement, there is a significant effect on the wear properties of Ti-base composite materials. Comparing the composite samples (A1-A6), sample A3 composite material has a higher concentration of each reinforcement (B 4 C, SiC, and ZrO 2 ).In general terms, increasing the normal load causes the indenter dispersion inside the specimen to rise, which increases the sliding wear rate 45,46. Additionally, wear rate resistance is improved when strong ceramic is added to a Ti matrix 47,48.…”

Evaluation on Powder Metallurgy Process Parameters of Ball‐Milled AA8079‐B4C Nanostructured Composites via Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis

“…The SEM image of the produced AA8079 and as received B 4 C is displayed in Figures 2(a Figure 3 shows the details of fabrication of ball milled aluminium alloy and its composites. The needed amount of elemental powders was exactly weighted by utilizing an electronic weight balance machine to produce the composition, AA8079, AA8079-5%B 4 C, AA8079-10%B 4 C, and AA8079-15%B 4 C and ball milled via high energy ball mill for 10 h [22]. The drum speed maintained was 100 rpm [23].…”

Studies of forging on the aluminium-sea sand composites

“…According to figure 13, there is an alteration in grain shape. Before forging, the grain shape is equiaxial; after forging, the grain becomes elongated [24]. As the amount of forging reduction rises, the grain structure becomes flatter.…”

Analysis the mechanical and tribological properties of tetra hybrid reinforced nanoparticles of titanium metal matrix composites

“…In general terms, increasing the normal load causes the indenter dispersion inside the specimen to rise, which increases the sliding wear rate. 45,46 Additionally, wear rate resistance is improved when strong ceramic is added to a Ti matrix. 47,48 The soft matrix formed by repeated contacts with the steel disk counter surface is shielded by ZrO 2 nanoparticles, which function as surface protuberances.…”

“…Due to the concentration of the reinforcement, there is a significant effect on the wear properties of Ti-base composite materials. Comparing the composite samples (A1-A6), sample A3 composite material has a higher concentration of each reinforcement (B 4 C, SiC, and ZrO 2 ).In general terms, increasing the normal load causes the indenter dispersion inside the specimen to rise, which increases the sliding wear rate 45,46. Additionally, wear rate resistance is improved when strong ceramic is added to a Ti matrix 47,48.…”

Evaluation on Powder Metallurgy Process Parameters of Ball‐Milled AA8079‐B4C Nanostructured Composites via Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis

“…The SEM image of the produced AA8079 and as received B 4 C is displayed in Figures 2(a Figure 3 shows the details of fabrication of ball milled aluminium alloy and its composites. The needed amount of elemental powders was exactly weighted by utilizing an electronic weight balance machine to produce the composition, AA8079, AA8079-5%B 4 C, AA8079-10%B 4 C, and AA8079-15%B 4 C and ball milled via high energy ball mill for 10 h [22]. The drum speed maintained was 100 rpm [23].…”

Studies of forging on the aluminium-sea sand composites

“…According to figure 13, there is an alteration in grain shape. Before forging, the grain shape is equiaxial; after forging, the grain becomes elongated [24]. As the amount of forging reduction rises, the grain structure becomes flatter.…”

Analysis the mechanical and tribological properties of tetra hybrid reinforced nanoparticles of titanium metal matrix composites

“…In general terms, increasing the normal load causes the indenter dispersion inside the specimen to rise, which increases the sliding wear rate. 45,46 Additionally, wear rate resistance is improved when strong ceramic is added to a Ti matrix. 47,48 The soft matrix formed by repeated contacts with the steel disk counter surface is shielded by ZrO 2 nanoparticles, which function as surface protuberances.…”

“…Due to the concentration of the reinforcement, there is a significant effect on the wear properties of Ti-base composite materials. Comparing the composite samples (A1-A6), sample A3 composite material has a higher concentration of each reinforcement (B 4 C, SiC, and ZrO 2 ).In general terms, increasing the normal load causes the indenter dispersion inside the specimen to rise, which increases the sliding wear rate 45,46. Additionally, wear rate resistance is improved when strong ceramic is added to a Ti matrix 47,48.…”

Evaluation on Powder Metallurgy Process Parameters of Ball‐Milled AA8079‐B4C Nanostructured Composites via Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis

“…The SEM image of the produced AA8079 and as received B 4 C is displayed in Figures 2(a Figure 3 shows the details of fabrication of ball milled aluminium alloy and its composites. The needed amount of elemental powders was exactly weighted by utilizing an electronic weight balance machine to produce the composition, AA8079, AA8079-5%B 4 C, AA8079-10%B 4 C, and AA8079-15%B 4 C and ball milled via high energy ball mill for 10 h [22]. The drum speed maintained was 100 rpm [23].…”

Studies of forging on the aluminium-sea sand composites

“…According to figure 13, there is an alteration in grain shape. Before forging, the grain shape is equiaxial; after forging, the grain becomes elongated [24]. As the amount of forging reduction rises, the grain structure becomes flatter.…”