Association between visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio and plasma inflammatory markers and score for cardiovascular risk prediction in a Brazilian cohort: Pró-Saúde Study

Abstract

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with various metabolic disorders, and adipokines, secreted by adipose tissue, are involved in their pathogenesis. This study investigated associations between VAT/subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) ratio, inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular (CV) risk-score in adults. Plasma levels of adipokines, plasma lipid profile, blood pressure, and body composition (using dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry) were determined. CV risk-score based on the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) score was calculated in a sample of 309 Brazilian civil servants aged o60 years. Participants' VAT/SAT ratio were categorized into quartiles. Among males, plasma leptin (2.8 ng/mL) and C reactive protein (CRP) (0.2 mg/dL) (Po0.05) levels were higher at P75 and P50 than P5, and the highest calculated CV risk-score was observed at P75 (7.1%). Among females, higher plasma adiponectin levels were observed at P25 (54.3 ng/mL) compared with P75 (36 ng/mL) (Po0.05). Higher plasma CRP levels were observed at P75 (0.4 mg/dL) compared with P5 (0.1 mg/dL) (Po0.05). Higher CV risk-score was observed at P75 (2.0%) compared with P5 (0.7%). In both sexes, VAT and VAT/SAT ratio were directly associated with plasma leptin, CRP, and CV risk-score, and inversely associated with adiponectin; SAT was directly associated with plasma leptin and CRP (Po0.01); interleukin (IL)-10 and CRP were directly associated with adiponectin and leptin, respectively (Po0.05). Among men only, IL-10 (inversely) and CRP (directly) were associated with CV risk-score (P=0.02). Our results strengthened the relevance of the VAT/SAT ratio in cardiovascular risk.

Association of abdominal obesity and systolic blood pressure indices with cardiovascular disease risk prediction among community-dwelling older adults

“…This outcome was similar to a prospective study was based on the healthy ageing initiative (HAI) in community-dwelling 70 years old, which reported that after adjusting for sex, lifestyle factors, socioeconomic status, cardiovascular risk factors, CVD history, medications, total fat mass, and muscle density, %VAT was significantly associated with the prevalence of CVD and stroke [24]. This is in line with previous studies that found that visceral fat in the abdomen was the best marker of altered CVD risk prediction [25,26]. Similar to this, a community-based observational study found a correlation between an increase in abdominal %VAT and a higher incidence of CVD risk variables as well as more negative changes in those risk factors over time [27].…”

Association of higher plasma leptin levels with HOMA-IR index, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and glycolipid metabolism in patients with chronic schizophrenia: A multi-center cross-sectional study

“…Because of the severe weight gain effect of clozapine or olanzapine during medication treatment, patients on clozapine or olanzapine treatment grouped separately, and those taking the rest of the drugs (aripiprazole, amisulpride, ziprasidone, risperidone, quetiapine etc.,) were classified as weak weight gain drug (WWGD) group ( 26 ). Patients were divided into a higher leptin level group (≥ P 75 ) and a lower leptin level group (< P 75 ) based on the quartiles of their plasma leptin levels ( 7 , 27 ).…”

Visceral adipose tissue reference data computed for GE HealthCare DXA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set

“…Generation of the LMS curves was performed using the software program LMSChartmaker version 3.5 [6]. Degrees of freedom were increased for each LMS parameter following the instructions reported in the literature [8].…”

“…Excess visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT, respectively) are linked to cardiometabolic risk; sex‐ and ethnicity‐specific differences in these compartments have differential effects on risk factors in children and adults [3–5]. VAT and VAT/SAT are directly associated with multiple metabolic risk factors, including plasma leptin, C‐reactive protein, and cardiovascular risk score [6]. As a result, women with one standard deviation of VAT area above the average had 5.4 to 8.6 times greater risk of developing metabolic syndrome, a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors that are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and mortality [7].…”

“…VAT and VAT/SAT are directly associated with multiple metabolic risk factors, including plasma leptin, C-reactive protein, and cardiovascular risk score [6]. As a result, women with one standard deviation of VAT area above the average had 5.4 to 8.6 times greater risk of developing metabolic syndrome, a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors that are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and mortality [7].…”