Laboratory evidence for the hematopoietic potential of Beta vulgaris leaf and stalk extract in a phenylhydrazine model of anemia

Abstract

This study was designed to provide laboratory evidence supporting the hematopoietic effect of Beta vulgaris (beet) leaf aqueous extract in phenylhydrazine-induced anemia model in albino rats. Extraction of the leaves/stalks was done by maceration in 30% hydro-ethanol for 48 h. An intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg phenylhydrazine was applied for two consecutive days to develop hemolytic anemia on the 4th day after the 1st injection in 24 of 30 male albino rats. The animals were divided into 5 groups and received the following treatments: standard (ferrous ascorbate + folic acid; 13.5 + 0.135 mg/kg), B. vulgaris extract (100 and 200 mg/kg), or left untreated (normal and diseased controls). Blood samples were taken at 0, 4, 8, and 12 days of the experiment for hematological and clinico-chemical analysis. Beet leaf extract significantly restored the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in dose- and time-dependent manners. Blood indices have been significantly corrected. Erythropoietin level was maintained at higher levels. Erythrocytic membrane oxidation biomarker (malondialdehyde) level was significantly reduced compared to the anemic untreated group. The extract exhibited potent, concentration (4–512 μg/mL)-dependent antioxidant activity indicated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, with IC50 value of 37.91 μg/mL. Beet leaf extract resulted in detection of flavonoid and phenolic compounds that may underlie its hematinic properties. These findings may indicate B. vulgaris as a good natural source for pharmaceutical preparations with hematopoietic effects and treatment of anemia and/or associated conditions.

Subchronic safety evaluation of hot-water extract from thinned immature mangos (Mangifera indica ‘Irwin’): 90-days oral toxicity study in rats

“…In our results, neither MCH nor MCHC were changed by the administration of any TIMEx concentration. On the other hand, similar results obtained in this study, in which were higher MCV, equilibrium MCH and MCHC, were reported in anemic rats induced by phenylhydrazine [ 23 ]. However, in our study, hemoglobin levels were not reduced compared with the control group.…”

Antianemic activity of polyherbal formulation, Raktavardhak Kadha, against phenylhydrazine-induced anemia in rats

“…Several animal models of anemia are available for screening of antianemic activity of the test preparations. Out of all, phenylhydrazine rat model is rapid, reliable and therefore widely used method [ 13 ]. Wistar albino rat is one of the most commonly used animals in biomedical study.…”

“…Previous reports suggested that intraperitoneal injections of phenylhydrazine to rats at the dose of 40 mg/kg for 2 consecutive days induce the anemic condition [ 13 ]. Therefore, we selected 40 mg/kg dose of phenylhydrazine by intraperitoneal route for 2 consecutive days for induction of anemic condition in rats [ 10 ].…”

Hemogram and iron indices in renal anemia and the amelioration with Carica papaya leaf extract applied on albino rat model

“…Serum EPO level was determined as described previously [11] using rat EPO ELISA kit purchased from HexaBiogen® (Ariana, Tunisia, for MyBioSource, Inc., CA, U.S.A.) according to the instructions of the manufacturer. The intensity of the developed color was measured at 450 nm using ELISA microplate reader.…”