Anti-ophidian activity of Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. (Polygalaceae) root extract on the local effects induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom

Abstract

Bredemeyera floribunda roots are popularly used to treat snakebites in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, and previous studies indicate the anti-ophidian actions of triterpenoid saponins found in its roots. To assess B. floribunda root extract (BFRE) activity against the effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom (BjuV), antiphospholipasic, antiproteolytic, antihemorrhagic, antinecrotic, and anti-edematogenic activities were investigated in mice. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and sugars, with rutin and saccharose being the major constituents of BFRE. Acute toxicity was determined and BFRE was nontoxic to mice. Phospholipase A2 and proteolytic activities induced by BjuV were inhibited in vitro by BFRE at all concentrations tested herein. BFRE (150 mg/kg) inhibited paw edema induced by BjuV (50 µg/animal), reducing total edema calculated by area under the curve, but carrageenan-induced paw edema was unchanged. Hemorrhagic and necrotizing actions of BjuV (50 µg/animal) were considerably decreased by BFRE treatment. Thus, BFRE blocked the toxic actions of B. jararacussu venom despite having no anti-inflammatory activity, which points to a direct inhibition of venom’s toxins, as demonstrated in the in vitro assays. The larger amounts of rutin found in BFRE may play a role in this inhibition, since 3′,4′-OH flavonoids are known inhibitors of phospholipases A2.

O‐Glycosidequercetin derivatives: Biological activities, mechanisms of action, and structure–activity relationship for drug design, a review

“…Qi, Yi, et al, 2020;, antifungal (Al-Huqail et al, 2019;Kwun & Lee, 2020;Petrescu, Paunescu, & Ilia, 2019), antiviral (Colunga Biancatelli, Berrill, Catravas, & Marik, 2020;M. Liu et al, 2020;Sekiou, Bouziane, Bouslama, & Djemel, 2020), antithalassemia or iron chelation (Diamantis et al, 2018;Lesjak, Balesaria, Skinner, Debnam, & Srai, 2019;Vlachodimitropoulou, Sharp, & Naftalin, 2011), antiobesity (Carrasco-Pozo, Cires, & Gotteland, 2019;Kim et al, 2015;Nasri et al, 2019), antidiabetic (Ali et al, 2020;Hassanien, Saad, & Radwan, 2020;Yao et al, 2019), antihypertension (Brüll et al, 2017;Elbarbry, Abdelkawy, Moshirian, & Abdel-Megied, 2020), protection of cardiovascular (Jagtap et al, 2009;Jing et al, 2016;Zhang, Zhang, & Wang, 2020) , 2005), and antiphospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities (Alves et al, 2018;Costa et al, 2013;Da Silva, Calgarotto, Chaar, & Marangoni, 2008;Nworu & Akah, 2015). Quercetin has also shown evidence of antitumor activity in phase I clinical trials (Ferry et al, 1996;Marini c, Piantanida, Rusak, & Žini c, 2006).…”

“…Quercetin is found in numerous fruits, vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines, and several drinks like coffee, tea, red wine, fruit juice (Cheng et al, 2019; Dymarska, Janeczko, & Kostrzewa‐Susłow, 2018), and many plants (Das et al, 2020; Poljuha et al, 2017). Quercetin has different biological activities (Table 1) (Batiha, Beshbishy, et al, 2020) such as anticancer (Hanikoglu et al, 2020; Manukyan, 2019; Manukyan & Hovhannisyan, 2020), antioxidant (Houngue et al, 2017; Li et al, 2018; J. Liu et al, 2018), antibacterial (Adamczak, Ożarowski, & Karpiński, 2020; Pal & Tripathi, 2020; Yadav, Mehrotra, Bhartiya, Singh, & Dutta, 2020), antiinflammatory (Endale et al, 2013; Kooshyar et al, 2017; Qin et al, 2017), anti‐Alzheimer (da Silva et al, 2019; Y. Qi, Yi, et al, 2020; P. Qi, Li, et al, 2020), antifungal (Al‐Huqail et al, 2019; Kwun & Lee, 2020; Petrescu, Paunescu, & Ilia, 2019), antiviral (Colunga Biancatelli, Berrill, Catravas, & Marik, 2020; M. Liu et al, 2020; Sekiou, Bouziane, Bouslama, & Djemel, 2020), antithalassemia or iron chelation (Diamantis et al, 2018; Lesjak, Balesaria, Skinner, Debnam, & Srai, 2019; Vlachodimitropoulou, Sharp, & Naftalin, 2011), antiobesity (Carrasco‐Pozo, Cires, & Gotteland, 2019; Kim et al, 2015; Nasri et al, 2019), antidiabetic (Ali et al, 2020; Hassanien, Saad, & Radwan, 2020; Yao et al, 2019), antihypertension (Brüll et al, 2017; Elbarbry, Abdelkawy, Moshirian, & Abdel‐Megied, 2020), protection of cardiovascular (Jagtap et al, 2009; Jing et al, 2016; Zhang, Zhang, & Wang, 2020), anti‐Parkinson (Zbarsky et al, 2005), and antiphospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities (Alves et al, 2018; Costa et al, 2013; Da Silva, Calgarotto, Chaar, & Marangoni, 2008; Nworu & Akah, 2015...…”

Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effect of Bougainvillea xbuttiana(Var. Orange) on the cytokine production induced by Botrhops jararacavenom in macrophages

“…According to the literature, different types of medicinal plants with anti-ophidian properties have been extensively studied (Alves et al, 2019). Special attention is concentrated on the main bioactive compound, which is capable of neutralizing the toxicological effects of venomous snakes (Carvalho et al, 2013;Alves et al, 2019). Isolation of the bioactive compound involves extensive and labourious work, using different amounts of solvents and specific techniques.…”

Full title: Inhibition of harmful effects from Bothrops alternatus venom by Casearia arborea extract

“…In this respect, several plants have been studied for their potential antiophidic activity, including Schizolobium parahyba (Mendes et al, 2008, Bombacopsis glabra (Mendes et al, 2012), Bellucia dichotoma, Connarus favosus (Moura et al, 2015), Tamarindus indica, Paullinia pinnata (Molander et al, 2015), Bredemeyera floribunda (Alves et al, 2019), Zanthoxylum monogynum (Oliveira et al, 2019 and Paquira aquática (Vieira et al, 2021).…”