Essential oil of Pterodon polygalaeflorus Benth attenuates nociception in mice

Abstract

Essential oils (EO) are volatile liquids responsible for the aroma of plants. Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have received widespread use in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. For this reason and because Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have great EO content, which is frequently pharmacologically active, the present study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of EO from Pterodon polygalaeflorus (EOPPgfl) and its acute toxic effects. The EEOPPgfl sample, which was extracted by steam distillation of the seeds, had a yield of 2.4% of the seeds weight and had, as major constituents, beta-elemene (48.19%), trans-caryophyllene (19.51%), and epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (12.24%). The EOPPgfl sample showed mild acute toxicity and its calculated median lethal dose (LD50) was 3.38 g/kg. EOPPgfl (20–60 mg/kg) showed antinociceptive activity as evidenced by several tests and inhibited writhing induced by acetic acid. The maximum effect was obtained with the 30 mg/kg dose and at 60 min after its administration. EOPPgfl also decreased formalin-induced nociception, as verified by the inhibition of the first and second phase of the formalin test. At 30 mg/kg, EOPPgfl also decreased thermally stimulated nociception. Nociception may be related to inflammatory and antiedematogenic activity and at doses ranging 10–100 mg/kg, EOPPgfl blocked dextran- and carrageenan-induced edema. The results demonstrated that EOPPgfl presented, at doses approximately 100 times smaller than LD50, an antinociceptive effect that probably was due to anti-inflammatory activities.

The essential oil of Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth. presents an antiedematogenic effect in mice

“…Other EOs, like Pterodon Polygalaeflorus ( 15 ), inhibit dextran-induced edema (77.5%) and the first phase of carrageenan-induced edema (76.98%). The authors suggested that this oil might be inhibiting the synthesis, release, and/or effects of histamine and serotonin ( 15 ).…”

“…Edema was considered to be the difference in paw volume measured at different time periods and time zero. In this study, the time course of carrageenan-induced paw edema was considered to have three phases, as in another study ( 15 ): a first phase, occurring in the first 60 min after drug administration, resulting of the presence of histamine and serotonin; a second phase, from (61-120 min), named osmotic phase, thought to involve the kinin system ( 19 ); and a third phase, from (121-180 min), named cellular phase, triggered by different mediators, including prostaglandins or a mix of prostaglandins and slow-reacting substances.…”

“…The EOHc was obtained from leaves and branches of H. crenata by steam distillation (Detiller MA480, Marconi s , Brazil) as described for other essential oils (8,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). The plant was collected (January 2011) in the city of São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Maranhão State, Brazil (7°1 0 19 00 S, 45°28 0 51 00 W).…”

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“…The experimental model carrageenaninduced rat paw edema is an acute inflammation study. The paw edema development by administration of carrageenan is attributed to the release of several chemokines as well as the synthesis of prostaglandins 27,28 . The antiinflammatory agents generally act on these mediators to reduce inflammation.…”

β-elemene relieves neuropathic pain in mice through the regulation on C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 and GABAA receptor

“…However, the function of Bel treatment in analgesia remains unknown. Intriguingly, Bel has also been found as a major constituent of essential oils from pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds, which showed antispasmodic actions on tracheal smooth muscle and intestinal smooth muscle (Evangelista et al 2007;Leonhardt et al 2010) and antinociceptive properties in mice following noxious stimulation and thermal stimulations (Coelho-de-Souza et al 2018). Although Bel in the essential oils has also been reported with potential association with fetotoxic and anti-angiogenic effects during pregnancy (Dosoky and Setzer.…”