:
Age-related (physiological) AH is an important problem in pediatric otorhinolaryngology. Since the beginning
of the 70s, there has been an increase in the proportion of children with pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy. Functional
disorders of the oropharynx in children occupy the second place based on their incidence (after disorders of the
musculoskeletal system). In the previous years there have been an increase in the incidence and prevalence of obstructive
sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) among children. In most cases of pediatric OSAS, upper airway obstruction occurs from
the nasopharynx to the oropharynx, caused by upper airway stenosis. Consequences of untreated OSAS in children can be
inattention and behavioral problems, daytime sleepiness, and in more severe cases are associated with a variety of
comorbidities. The current review discussed the links between hypertrophied adenoids, craniofacial development and
OSAS in children taking into account physiological and pathophysiological aspects as well as clinical evaluation of the
problem.