Reconstructive dosimetry for cutaneous radiation syndrome

Lima, Camila Moreira; Lima, Alexandre Roza de; Degenhardt, Ä.L.; Valverde, N.; Silva, F.C.A. Da

doi:10.1590/1414-431x20144337

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In that incident, involving arc welding quality control, an Ir-192 source was found outside its storage container. A worker held the source in his hand then transferred it to his pocket, with the total time of exposure estimated at 40 min (1,900 Gy skin surface exposure) (40). The patient was transferred to the burn treatment department of Percy Hospital, and a new dosimetry-guided surgical approach was used to examine the pathology of the lesion after removal (41).…”

Section: Session 1: Skin Injuries From Radiation and Other Clinical Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Radiation Injuries: Models, Assessment and Treatments

et al. 2020

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Many cases of human exposures to high-dose radiation have been documented, including individuals exposed during the detonation of atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, nuclear power plant disasters (e.g., Chernobyl), as well as industrial and medical accidents. For many of these exposures, injuries to the skin have been present and have played a significant role in the progression of the injuries and survivability from the radiation exposure. There are also instances of radiation-induced skin complications in routine clinical radiotherapy and radiation diagnostic imaging procedures. In response to the threat of a radiological or nuclear mass casualty incident, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services tasked the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) with identifying and funding early-to mid-stage medical countermeasure (MCM) development to treat radiation-induced injuries, including those to the skin. To appropriately assess the severity of radiation-induced skin injuries and determine efficacy of different approaches to mitigate/treat them, it is necessary to develop animal models that appropriately simulate what is seen in humans who have been exposed. In addition, it is important to understand the techniques that are used in other clinical indications (e.g., thermal burns, diabetic ulcers, etc.) to accurately assess the extent of skin injury and progression of healing. For these reasons, the NIAID partnered with two other U.S. Government funding and regulatory agencies, the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to identify state-of-the-art methods in assessment of skin injuries, explore animal models to better understand radiation-induced cutaneous damage and investigate treatment approaches. A two-day workshop was convened in May 2019 highlighting talks from 28 subject matter experts across five scientific sessions. This report provides an overview of information that was presented and the subsequent guided discussions.

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Section: Session 1: Skin Injuries From Radiation and Other Clinical Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Radiation Injuries: Models, Assessment and Treatments

et al. 2020

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“…According to the IAEA and United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), up to 2011 there were 80 radiological accidents in industrial radiography, involving 120 radiation workers and 110 members of the public, with 12 deaths. Brazilian data, from 1985 to 2018, includes five serious radiological accidents that affected seven radiation workers and 19 members of the public; the radiation workers developed cutaneous radiation syndrome to the hands and fingers [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last 10 years, several methods and techniques have been used to perform reconstructive dosimetry and consequently the evaluation of doses in cases of radiological accidents [9]. These methods include: luminescent properties of electronic components of mobile phones [11,12]; numerical dosimetry using the Monte Carlo N Particle (MCNP) computational code [13,14]; electronic paramagnetic resonance [15,16]; the computational code Simulation of External Source Accident with Medical Images based on the anthropomorphic voxel phantom associated with MCNP [14]; Brazilian visual Monte Carlo Dose Calculation (VMC) [8,17,18], among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, physical, biological and computational reconstructive dosimetry methods have been commonly used to review radiation doses estimated for radiological accidents. The Brazilian reconstructive dosimetry cases, for which the computer program 'Visual Monte Carlo Dose Calculation' were used, showed that it has been effective in quick estimation of radiation doses for organs and especially for cases of where radioactive sources have been handled in accidental exposures [8,9,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstructive dosimetry and radiation dose evaluation of workers and public due to a Brazilian radiological accident in industrial radiography

Lima¹,

Silva²,

Hunt

et al. 2022

J. Radiol. Prot.

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Radiological accidents occur mainly in the practices recognized as high risk and which are classified by the IAEA as Categories 1 and 2: radiotherapy, industrial irradiators and industrial radiography. In Brazil, 5 important cases in industrial gamma radiography occurred from 1985 to 2018, involving 7 radiation workers and 19 members of the public. The accidents caused localized radiation lesions on the hands and fingers. One of these accidents is the focus of this paper. In this accident, a 3.28 TBq 192Ir radioactive source was left unshielded for 9 hours in a NDT company parking lot, and many radiation workers, employees and public, including teachers of a primary school were exposed. The radioactive source was also directly handled by a security worker for about 1.5 min causing severe radiation injuries in the hand and fingers. This paper presents radiation dose estimates for all accidentally exposed individuals. Four scenarios were considered, and three internationally recognised and updated reconstructive dosimetry techniques were used, named, Brazilian Visual Monte Carlo Dose Calculation (VMC), Virtual Environment for Radiological and Nuclear Accidents Simulation (AVSAR) and RADPRO Calculator®. The main radiation doses estimated by VMC were the absorbed dose of 34 Gy for the security worker’s finger and his effective dose of 91 mSv; effective doses from 43 to 160 mSv for radiation workers and NDT employees; and effective doses of 9 mSv for teachers in the schoolyard.

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“…Moreover, industrial radiography accidents are one of the most frequently reported accidents among all reported cases in nuclear-related industries [2]. According to Lima et al [3], a total of 80 industrial radiography accidents involving 120 workers and 110 members of the public, including 12 deaths, were recorded globally between 1896 and 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%