Relationship between deep venous thrombosis and inflammatory cytokines in postoperative patients with malignant abdominal tumors

Abstract

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common surgical complication in cancer patients and evidence that inflammation plays a role in the occurrence of DVT is increasing. We studied a population of cancer patients with abdominal malignancies with the aim of investigating whether the levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines were associated with postoperative DVT, and to determine the levels in DVT diagnoses. The serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (IL)-6 and IL-10, nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) and E-selectin (E-Sel) were determined in 120 individuals, who were divided into 3 groups: healthy controls, patients with and patients without DVT after surgery for an abdominal malignancy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Dunnet's T3 test, chi-square test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression as needed. The CRP, IL-6, NF-κB, and E-Sel levels in patients with DVT were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). The IL-10 level was higher in patients with DVT than in controls but lower than in patients without DVT. Univariate analysis revealed that CRP, IL-6, NF-κB, and E-Sel were statistically associated with the risk of DVT (OR=1.98, P=0.002; OR=1.17, P=0.000; OR=1.03, P=0.042; and OR=1.38, P=0.003; respectively), whereas IL-10 had a protective effect (OR=0.94, P=0.011). Multivariate analysis showed that E-Sel was an independent risk factor (OR=1.41, P=0.000). Thus, this study indicated that an increased serum level of E-Sel was associated with increased DVT risk in postoperative patients with abdominal malignancy, indicating that E-Sel may be a useful predictor of diagnosis of DVT.

Association between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and deep vein thrombosis

“…Inflammatory states and higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are known risk factors for DVT [23]. Furthermore conditions that increase bacterial translocation such as IBD have been implicated in the development of venous thrombosis through higher circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) along with increased expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), an innate immune receptor responsible for LPS recognition [20].…”

Role of microRNA‑26a in the diagnosis of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in patients with bone trauma

“…Various studies have demonstrated that levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are increased in the peripheral blood of patients with DVT. Du and Tan (10) identified that certain inflammatory factors including IL-6, CRP and NF-κB are closely associated with DVT. Krieger et al (30) suggested that changes in CRP levels and the erythrocyte sedimentation coefficient may induce acute lower extremity DVT.…”

“…However, this is a type of invasive examination and increases the risk of complications occurring, including thrombus detachment, allergic reactions and increased thrombosis severity, which limits its application in the clinic (8). Recent studies have demonstrated that biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer and interleukin (IL)-6, exhibit beneficial clinical value in the early diagnosis of DVT; however, these biomarkers are still not a substitute for lower extremity venous imaging (9)(10)(11). At present, the mechanism of DVT is unclear, which greatly limits screening for DVT diagnostic markers.…”

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“…[8] One of the studies revealed the increasing of IL-10 level in patients with venous thrombosis in comparison with the control group. [9] In addition, Konenkov et al (2016) and Shal'nev (2007) consider that IL-10 suppresses the tissue factor expression, therefore, inducing hypocoagulation and increasing plasminogen activator secretion. [10,11] According to other authors, decreasing of IL-10 serum level is associated with poor prognosis in patients with MI.…”