The left lung is preferentially targeted during experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in C57BL/6 mice

Tristão, Fabrine Sales Massafera; Rocha, Fabiana; Dias, Fabrício C.; Rossi, Marcos A.; Silva, João

doi:10.1590/1414-431x20133140

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Importantly, the 5.7:1 right lung bias of Mtb observed in ULD-infected mice day 26 p.i. and beyond is significantly higher than the $2:1 bias observed at deposition (p < 0.001, binomial test), which can probably be explained due to the $23 larger cross-sectional area of the right bronchus compared to the left (Trista ˜o et al, 2013). However, our results suggest that bacteria landing in the left lung ultimately have a $3-fold lower chance of establishing productive infection compared to bacteria landing in the right lung.…”

Section: Tracking Growth and Dissemination Of Individual Infecting Mtb Strainscontrasting

confidence: 59%

Ultra-low Dose Aerosol Infection of Mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis More Closely Models Human Tuberculosis

Plumlee

Duffy

Gern

et al. 2021

Cell Host & Microbe

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Section: Tracking Growth and Dissemination Of Individual Infecting Mtb Strainscontrasting

confidence: 59%

Ultra-low Dose Aerosol Infection of Mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis More Closely Models Human Tuberculosis

Plumlee

Duffy

Gern

et al. 2021

Cell Host & Microbe

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“…In young adult mice, the left lobe is reproducibly 1.3-fold larger in cellularity than the right lobe. The right-left difference in organ size of the organs is also detected in the kidney and the lung (37,38). Interestingly, possibly similar to the asymmetric function of the brain (39), the inequality of the two thymic lobes may not be limited to the cellularity or the size of the organ, but may be extended to the unequal functions of the thymus in producing a variety of T cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cellularity of Thymic Epithelial Cells in the Postnatal Mouse

Sakata

Ohigashi

Takahama

2018

The Journal of Immunology

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The molecular and cellular biology of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) often relies on the analysis of TECs isolated in enzymatically digested single-cell suspensions derived from mouse thymus. Many independent studies have reported that the estimated cellularity of total TECs isolated from one adult mouse is on the order of up to 10 However, these numbers appear extremely small given that the cellularity of total thymocytes exceeds 10 and that TECs play multiple roles in thymocyte development and repertoire formation. In the present study, we aimed to measure the numbers of β5t-expressing cortical TECs and Aire-expressing medullary TECs in postnatal mouse thymus in situ without enzymatic digestion. The numbers of these TECs were manually counted in individual thymic sections and were three-dimensionally summed throughout the entire thymic lobes. The results show that the cellularity of total TECs in one 5-wk-old female mouse exceeds 10, containing ∼9 × 10 β5t cortical TECs and ∼1.1 × 10 Aire medullary TECs. These results suggest that the use of conventional enzymatic digestion methods for the isolation of TECs may have resulted in the underestimation of the cellularity, and possibly the biology, of TECs.

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“…The left lung ( 42 ) from uninfected and Pb18-infected mice were removed, weighed, homogenized in sterile PBS-containing protease inhibitor (Complete, Roche), and centrifuged (1,300 rpm, 10 min, 4°C). Supernatants were collected and stored at −20°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Th17-Inducing Cytokines IL-6 and IL-23 Are Crucial for Granuloma Formation during Experimental Paracoccidioidomycosis

et al. 2017

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Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a chronic granulomatous disease caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii, has the highest mortality rate among systemic mycosis. The T helper 1-mediated immunity is primarily responsible for acquired resistance during P. brasiliensis infection, while susceptibility is associated with Th2 occurrence. Th17 is a population of T CD4+ cells that, among several chemokines and cytokines, produces IL-17A and requires the presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TGF-β for differentiation in mice and IL-23 for its maintenance. Th17 has been described as an arm of the immune system that enhances host protection against several bacterial and fungal infections, as Pneumocystis carinii and Candida albicans. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the Th17 immune response and the role of Th17-associated cytokines (IL-6, IL-23, and IL-17A) during experimental PCM. First, we observed that P. brasiliensis infection [virulent yeast strain 18 of P. brasiliensis (Pb18)] increased the IL-17A production in vitro and all the evaluated Th17-associated cytokines in the lung tissue from C57BL/6 wild-type mice. In addition, the deficiency of IL-6, IL-23, or IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) impaired the compact granuloma formation and conferred susceptibility during infection, associated with reduced tumor necrosis factor-α, IFN-γ, and inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme expression. Our data suggest that IL-6 production by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) is important to promote the Th17 differentiation during Pb18 infection. In accordance, the adoptive transfer of BMDMs from C57BL/6 to infected IL-6−/− or IL-17RA−/− mice reduced the fungal burden in the lungs compared to nontransferred mice and reestablished the pulmonary granuloma formation. Taken together, these results suggest that Th17-associated cytokines are involved in the modulation of immune response and granuloma formation during experimental PCM.

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The left lung is preferentially targeted during experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in C57BL/6 mice

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Ultra-low Dose Aerosol Infection of Mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis More Closely Models Human Tuberculosis

Ultra-low Dose Aerosol Infection of Mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis More Closely Models Human Tuberculosis

Cellularity of Thymic Epithelial Cells in the Postnatal Mouse

Th17-Inducing Cytokines IL-6 and IL-23 Are Crucial for Granuloma Formation during Experimental Paracoccidioidomycosis

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