Differences in prostate cancer detection between Canadian and Saudi populations

Abstract

Few studies have addressed racial differences in prostate cancer (PCa) detection between Western and Arabian countries, although PCa has a significantly lower prevalence in Arabic populations compared to Western populations. Therefore, an explanation of this difference is lacking. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a valuable marker used to select patients who should undergo prostate biopsies, although the manner in which it is used may require adjustments based on the ethnic population in question. We investigated racial differences in the PCa detection rate between Canadian and Saudi populations. A retrospective analysis was performed of data collected prospectively over 5 consecutive years in urology clinics at the McGill University Health Center (MUHC) and King Saud University Hospital (KSUH). Men who had high (>4'ng/mL) or rising PSA levels and a negative digital rectal examination were eligible. A total of 1403 Canadian and 414 Saudi patients were evaluated for the study; 717 and 158 men, median age 64 and 68 years, were included in the MUHC and KSUH cohorts, respectively, P<0.0001). Median serum PSA, prostate volume, and PSA density values were 6.1'ng/mL, 47.3 g, and 0.12'ng·mL−1·g−1, respectively, for MUHC patients and 5.2'ng/mL, 64.5'g, and 0.08'ng·mL−1·g−1, respectively, for KSUH patients (P<0.0001, t-test followed by one-way ANOVA). In addition, the KSUH group had a significantly lower PCa detection rate among patients younger than 60 years of age and with PSA values <10'ng/mL.

A Discrete Choice Clinical Survey and a Proposed Health Promotion Framework for Prostate Cancer in Cameroon

“…Also, people who ate vegetables and fruits did not show any risk of developing this disease. This is similar to a study carried out in Egypt Al-Abdin et al [28] confirmed higher vegetables/fruits intake as a significant factor for prostate cancer risk reduction. Therefore, men were encouraged to live on fruits and vegetables.…”

“…Unlike like some previous studies [28] that made use of biopsies, this study did not include any biopsy and therefore men who had either abnormal DRE or a PSA value greater than 4 ng/ml were excluded in the determination of the incidence of prostate cancer. Also, the study, though was a community based cross-sectional study, which reflect the 'potential' incidence of a disease in a community, participants participation was voluntary and convenient not a random selection.…”

Epidemiology of cancer in Saudi Arabia thru 2010–2019: a systematic review with constrained meta-analysis<span style="font-size: 12px"> Running title: epidemiology of cancer in Saudi Arabia thru 2010–2019</span>

“…The prostatic disease may be benign prostatic hyperplasia or carcinoma prostrates [54] . Several risk factors were implicated in the etiology of prostate cancer [55] – [57] .…”

Determination of a Cut-off Point for Prostatic Specific Antigen to Avoid Unjustified Biopsy Among Asymptomatic Elderly Men

“…This difference in positivity rate was consistent with the difference observed in symptomatic vs. healthy men (51 vs. 8%) by Catalona et al (18) This difference in positivity rate could be explained by the presence of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) component in symptomatic men and this has been reported where it was found that history of BPH was positively associated with a higher level of PSA with an OR of 1.43 (95% CI 1.18-1.74) 19 . Al-Abdin et al, (20) recently published the outcome of screening in Saudi population. They could identify that; for patients with PSA 4.1-10 ng/ ml, no single patient was diagnosed with cancer out of 52 patients and for patients with PSA > 10 ng/ ml, the prevalence of prostate cancer was 10/ 32 (31%).…”