Pure Procrastination Scale e Irrational Procrastination Scale: Validation of a Brazilian Version

Abstract

This study aimed to adapt and validate the Irrational Procrastination Scale (IPS) and Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) for Brazilian Portuguese. Therefore, 2666 university students were invited to participate in the study (M = 26.08; SD = 6.6; 77% female). The factorial structures were analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The validity was investigated through Pearson’s correlations between the subscales of the Academic Procrastination Questionnaire ─ Negative Consequences and DASS-21. The reliability of the scales and their factors were evaluated through Cronbach’s alpha. The results indicated a one-dimensional IPS structure and a three-factor solution with a higher-order factor for PPS. Significant correlations were found between the IPS and PPS with the other measurements, revealing concurrent and convergent validity for both scales. The instruments showed good internal consistency, with alphas ranging from 0.80 to 0.91.

Spanish validation of the pure procrastination scale: dimensional structure, internal consistency, temporal stability, gender invariance, and relationships with personality and satisfaction with life

“…Results obtained in other cross-cultural adaptations showed the same trend, with lower internal consistency values for the decisional delay and timeless / lateness dimensions. Accordingly, in the Persian adaptation Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.83 ( decisional delay ), 0.90 ( implemental delay ) and 0.85 ( timeless / lateness ) ( Zamirinejad et al, 2022 ), in Brazilian adaptation were 0.80, 0.90 and 0.80 ( Rocha et al, 2021 ), and in the global worldwide study by Svartdal and Steel (2017) , in which participants were from countries around the world mostly English-speaking, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.83 ( decisional delay ), 0.87 ( implemental delay ) and 0.85 ( timeless / lateness ). As noted by Svartdal et al (2016) , timeless / lateness dimension seemed to be particularly sensitive to cultural and subgroup differences.…”

“…Those 12 items that loaded into the first factor were subsequently included in the PPS, resulting in a measure of “pure” procrastination. The PPS is currently available in 12 languages, i.e., Arabic ( Besharat and Maserrat, 2019 ), Brazilian Portuguese ( Rocha et al, 2021 ), English ( Steel, 2010 ), Finnish ( Svartdal et al, 2016 ), French ( Rebetez et al, 2014 ), German ( Svartdal et al, 2016 ), Italian ( Svartdal et al, 2016 ), Japanese ( Kaneko et al, 2022 ), Korean ( Kim et al, 2020 ), Norwegian ( Svartdal, 2017 ), Persian ( Zamirinejad et al, 2022 ), Polish ( Svartdal et al, 2016 ), and Swedish ( Rozental et al, 2014 ). Furthermore, Díaz-Morales et al (2006) translated into Spanish the items of the three instruments upon which the PPS is based, which were subsequently employed in the studies conducted by Codina et al (2018 , 2020) and Valenzuela et al (2020) .…”

“…They found that the three-factor structure was the best fitting model across six European countries ( Svartdal et al, 2016 ) and concluded that the PPS measures the three types of procrastination (i.e., decisional delay, implemental delay, and lateness/timeliness) even more adequately than the full scales from which the PPS is derived ( Svartdal and Steel, 2017 ). Despite the multiplicity of plausible factorial structures, the structure characterized by three factors seems to be the most favorable ( Svartdal et al, 2016 ; Svartdal and Steel, 2017 ; da Rocha, 2019 ; Rocha et al, 2021 ; Gagnon et al, 2022 ; Zamirinejad et al, 2022 ).…”

Work From Home or Bring Home the Work? Burnout and Procrastination in Brazilian Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…37,38 Procrastination was assessed using a Brazilian validated version of the Irrational Procrastination Scale (IPS). 39 It is a brief self-report six-item questionnaire with five-point Likert scale, in which higher scores indicate higher levels of procrastination. The IPS focuses on irrational delay, characterized by a voluntary delay in performing a task even though it is disadvantageous.…”

“…Procrastination was assessed using a Brazilian validated version of the Irrational Procrastination Scale (IPS) 39 . It is a brief self-report six-item questionnaire with five-point Likert scale, in which higher scores indicate higher levels of procrastination.…”