Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent disorders in school age children and adolescents. It is also one of the most interesting psychiatric pictures of researchers in neuropsychology. In recent years, neuropsychology has increased the number of research on executive functioning. Many studies indicate a difficulty in tracing a neuropsychological profile in relation to executive functioning, because the characteristics and deficits differ in each subtype of the disorder, in addition to the different manifestations of this psychiatric picture in the different phases of the life cycle and in the different genders. Objective: This study aimed to investigate comparatively the cognitive functions of children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder of the combined type and children with typical development, without psychiatric symptoms. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, comparative, observational study of male children with and without Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders of the combined type, with no history of other psychiatric disorders. All 58 participants (29 in each group) were from the community and participated in the study by public invitation. Male children aged nine years or more were included in the study, attending school regularly, and those with an intellectual coefficient below 85 were excluded. The mothers of the participants and the participants initially underwent an interview with a collaborating psychiatrist, with semi-structured anamnesis, and the use of the K-SADS diagnostic interview for diagnostic determination according to the DSM-IV. After this initial phase, where all inclusion criteria were duly analyzed, the included participants underwent two neuropsychological testing sessions, using a battery of tests that evaluated the cognitive functioning of the children. The statistical analysis was performed through the SPSS program. Both groups presented a similar distribution regarding age, education, laterality and intellectual functioning (QI≥85). Results: WISC-IV was the instrument that presented the most significant statistical results in the comparison between the groups, and the participants of the G1 presented superior performance in all test indices and total IQ. In general, the participants of the G0 presented better functioning of the following executive functions evaluated by the WISC: cognitive flexibility, categorization, mental abstraction, social judgment, problem solving, attention, work memory and planning. In the Stroop Test, there were statistically significant differences in the comparison between the groups on Card B (seconds). On Card C the G0 participants also performed the task in less time and with fewer errors, but this difference presented itself at a trend level, indicating that the G0 participants presented better inhibitory control functioning and cognitive flexibility. In the Rey Complex Figures test, the results in the comparison between the groups showed significant statistical differences in th...