Hipertensão em mulheres presas no Brasil: muito além do biológico

Abstract

Resumo Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA) e os fatores de risco associados em mulheres presas. Utilizou-se dados do Inquérito Nacional de Saúde na População Penitenciária Feminina e em Servidoras Prisionais, investigando-se características sociodemográficas, fatores das prisões, comportamentos e condições de saúde. As informações foram coletadas por meio de questionário autoaplicado, sendo a magnitude da associação estimada por odds ratio e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Das 1.327 participantes, 24,4% eram hipertensas, a maioria tinha 31 anos ou mais (54,6%), 51,5% autorreferiram etnia/cor parda. Após mutual ajustamento pelos fatores de risco associados na análise bivariada, observou-se relação direta e com gradiente entre idade e HA, em que idade igual/maior a 41 anos foi associada independentemente com uma chance sete vezes maior de ter HA, se comparado a quem tem menos de 25 anos. Aquelas que autorreferiram etnia/cor negra apresentaram colesterol alto e estavam obesas, também foram associadas de forma independente com maior prevalência de HA. O maior número de pessoas com que a presa divide cela esteve associado à maior prevalência de há, sem uma relação dose-resposta. Conclui-se que idade, etnia/cor, obesidade, inatividade física e estresse são fatores de risco para HA em mulheres presas.

Health in Persons Deprived of Their Liberty in South America: A Painful Reflection of Our Public Health

“…The prevalence of hypertension in Brazil was 24.4%, based on a self-report from 1,393 women between 2014 and 2015. This figure corresponds to that found in the general population and highlights the significant cardiovascular health problem in these women [51]. In our country, the figure is not higher than 7%, lower than the reported rate in the general population: 22% according to a meta-analysis [61].…”

Generalized Resistance Deficits in inmates with hypertension: missing resources that limit health

“…In this sense, given the GRDs seized and because they are mostly related to the environment, it is reiterated that, despite the legal delimitation, health care in prison needs to be equivalent to that provided in the community ( 1 ) . This study establishes relationships of conclusions with other Brazilian studies, such as the research carried out in Minas Gerais, which pointed out the right to health is still perceived as a norm that does not materialize in PDL’s daily lives ( 20 ) , as well as being aligned with the study with women inmates, which highlights the principle of equality as historically subjugated in prisons ( 2 ) .…”

“…It is worth noting that GRDs, or the absence of GRRs, interfere with the person’s movement along the health-illness continuum, with the possibility and ability to manage the tensions inherent to life and migrate to the health pole ( 2 ) . Therefore, for PDL, movement in the continuum presents a high number of stressors, therefore, reflecting Antonovsky’s River of Life metaphor.…”

“…Therefore, prison health needs to reflect on PDL’s health, their experiences, in addition to understanding the prison context, its physical (environment) and organizational structures, relating such factors to the social determinants of health that permeate the prison setting, in constant dialogue with society in general, in order to create better living and health conditions for this population group ( 2 , 24 ) . Knowing the GRDs of such a population group makes it possible to direct actions to these people’s demands.…”

“…Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were the main causes of death also among incarcerated and recently released people in the United States of America, with 89% of deaths related to NCDs ( 6 - 7 ) . Among CVDs, hypertension affects the general population with a percentage of 26.3% ( 4 ) and, in a survey of 1,327 female PDL, found rates of 24.4% ( 2 ) . Therefore, controlling blood pressure in prisons is essential to avoid complications arising from it.…”