Relação dos indicadores de desigualdade social na distribuição espacial dos casos de Zika Vírus

Cunha, Lizailma Silva; Medeiros, Wilton Rodrigues; Lima, Francisco Assis Vieira; Pereira, Silvana Alves

doi:10.1590/1413-81232020255.34642019

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…No Brasil, há relação direta de agravos à saúde com a concentração de renda e o crescimento da violência, que são acentuados na falta de investimento em políticas sociais e dificuldades de acesso a serviços do bem-estar social 16,17 . Ademais, agravos à saúde estão mais relacionados a situações de desigualdade do que à pobreza em si, sendo consequência da vulnerabilização que se impõe tanto às pessoas, aos corpos, quanto aos lugares e condições de moradia, trabalho, consumo e deslocamentos 18,19 .…”

Section: Desigualdade Socioespacial E a Vulnerabilização Dos Lugaresunclassified

Desigualdade, situação geográfica e sentidos da ação na pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil

Albuquerque

Ribeiro

2020

Cad. Saúde Pública

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Resumo: Este Ensaio traz uma reflexão sobre como as desigualdades socioespaciais e as situações geográficas são condicionantes da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil, assim como das ações para o seu enfrentamento. A bibliografia de apoio fundamenta os argumentos. Compreende-se a desigualdade socioespacial como processo e condição estrutural de um território marcado por vulnerabilidades herdadas e atualizadas, resultante da relação de exploração, espoliação e opressão no atual período da globalização. Argumenta-se que a pandemia da COVID-19 pode ter repercussões mais graves em contextos de maior desigualdade socioespacial, com aprofundamento sistêmico e duradouro das crises econômica e social nos lugares. Contudo, as ações importam, incluindo as articulações entre diversos grupos, instituições e setores. A análise da situação geográfica contribui para a compreensão do território herdado e das diferentes experiências da COVID-19 indissociavelmente das condições e dos sentidos da ação frente à pandemia, em cada lugar. A situação expressa a tensão entre a liberdade e a condição para a ação. A crise não é apenas sanitária, é um dado do período atual, e a desigualdade se revela como a maior emergência do século XXI.

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Section: Desigualdade Socioespacial E a Vulnerabilização Dos Lugaresunclassified

Desigualdade, situação geográfica e sentidos da ação na pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil

Albuquerque

Ribeiro

2020

Cad. Saúde Pública

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“…There is no vaccine available to prevent ZIKV infection or effective antiviral treatment. A review in the Cochrane Library database performed in March 2021 identified 22 trials for the Zika vaccine, but none are commercially available yet ( Cunha et al, 2020 ). Therefore, preventive measures at the community level, such as individual measures, are the key to reducing its impact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we should take into account that the majority of the countries with the highest prevalence of CZS are those with the highest social disparities and poverty rates. In Brazil, as in other Latin American countries, the lack of information and poor access to family planning associated with the criminalization of abortion even in cases of congenital malformations contributed to a disproportionately heavier burden on more impoverished families and geographic asymmetries in birth prevalences of CZS ( Cunha et al, 2020 ; Diniz et al, 2020 ). The same inequality is also reflected in the access to care for the affected families.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopment in Children Exposed to Zika in utero: Clinical and Molecular Aspects

et al. 2022

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Five years after the identification of Zika virus as a human teratogen, we reviewed the early clinical manifestations, collectively called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Children with CZS have a very poor prognosis with extremely low performance in motor, cognitive, and language development domains, and practically all feature severe forms of cerebral palsy. However, these manifestations are the tip of the iceberg, with some children presenting milder forms of deficits. Additionally, neurodevelopment can be in the normal range in the majority of the non-microcephalic children born without brain or eye abnormalities. Vertical transmission and the resulting disruption in development of the brain are much less frequent when maternal infection occurs in the second half of the pregnancy. Experimental studies have alerted to the possibility of other behavioral outcomes both in prenatally infected children and in postnatal and adult infections. Cofactors play a vital role in the development of CZS and involve genetic, environmental, nutritional, and social determinants leading to the asymmetric distribution of cases. Some of these social variables also limit access to multidisciplinary professional treatment.

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“…Correlations between ZIKV infections and socioeconomic disparities in ecological studies can be, sometimes, contradictory [ 38 ]. In the Northern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte, it was found that ZIKV infections in 2015–2016 had higher Average Incidence Rate (AIR) in municipalities with better median income as well as higher notification rates of violence, likely reflecting improved surveillance and local organization of public health services [ 39 ]. Another study done in Espirito Santo, Southern Brazil, that analyzed data from 2016, no social determinants were found to be associated with ZIKV infections neither in the general nor pregnant populations, but in this site, the socioeconomic indicators were much higher overall than the national Brazilian averages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic disparities associated with symptomatic Zika virus infections in pregnancy and congenital microcephaly: A spatiotemporal analysis from Goiânia, Brazil (2016 to 2020)

et al. 2022

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The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic, which was followed by an unprecedented outbreak of congenital microcephaly, emerged in Brazil unevenly, with apparent pockets of susceptibility. The present study aimed to detect high-risk areas for ZIKV infection and microcephaly in Goiania, a large city of 1.5 million inhabitants in Central-West Brazil. Using geocoded surveillance data from the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and from the Public Health Event Registry (RESP-microcefalia), we analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution and socioeconomic indicators of laboratory confirmed (RT-PCR and/or anti-ZIKV IgM ELISA) symptomatic ZIKV infections among pregnant women and clinically confirmed microcephaly in neonates, from 2016 to 2020. We investigated temporal patterns by estimating the risk of symptomatic maternal ZIKV infections and microcephaly per 1000 live births per month. We examined the spatial distribution of maternal ZIKV infections and microcephaly cases across the 63 subdistricts of Goiania by manually plotting the geographical coordinates. We used spatial scan statistics estimated by discrete Poisson models to detect high clusters of maternal ZIKV infection and microcephaly and compared the distributions by socioeconomic indicators measured at the subdistrict level. In total, 382 lab-confirmed cases of maternal ZIKV infections, and 31 cases of microcephaly were registered in the city of Goiania. More than 90% of maternal cases were reported between 2016 and 2017. The highest incidence of ZIKV cases among pregnant women occurred between February and April 2016. A similar pattern was observed in the following year, although with a lower number of cases, indicating seasonality for ZIKV infection, during the local rainy season. Most congenital microcephaly cases occurred with a time-lag of 6 to 7 months after the peak of maternal ZIKV infection. The highest estimated incidence of maternal ZIKV infections and microcephaly were 39.3 and 2.5 cases per 1000 livebirths, respectively. Districts with better socioeconomic indicators and with higher proportions of self-identified white inhabitants were associated with lower risks of maternal ZIKV infection. Overall, the findings indicate heterogeneity in the spatiotemporal patterns of maternal ZIKV infections and microcephaly, which were correlated with seasonality and included a high-risk geographic cluster. Our findings identified geographically and socio-economically underprivileged groups that would benefit from targeted interventions to reduce exposure to vector-borne infections.

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Relação dos indicadores de desigualdade social na distribuição espacial dos casos de Zika Vírus

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Desigualdade, situação geográfica e sentidos da ação na pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil

Desigualdade, situação geográfica e sentidos da ação na pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil

Neurodevelopment in Children Exposed to Zika in utero: Clinical and Molecular Aspects

Socioeconomic disparities associated with symptomatic Zika virus infections in pregnancy and congenital microcephaly: A spatiotemporal analysis from Goiânia, Brazil (2016 to 2020)

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