Salud, globalización e interculturalidad: una mirada antropológica a la situación de los pueblos indígenas de Sudamérica

Hita, Susana Ramírez

doi:10.1590/1413-812320141910.09372014

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Violence, including sexual violence, was defined as the existence of cases of physical and sexual assault, murders, death threats, other threats, and land disputes. These community level factors were selected because they are considered cross-cutting issues that may influence the way of life of indigenous communities both at the intra- and inter-ethnic level, de-structure their social networks and their internal cohesion, undermine community response [20], and increase susceptibility to HIV and other STIs [21]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and syphilis in the context of community vulnerability among indigenous people in the Brazilian Amazon

Benzaken

Sabidó

Brito

et al. 2017

Int J Equity Health

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BackgroundContextual factors shape the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis. We estimated the prevalence of both infections among indigenous people in nine indigenous health districts of the Brazilian Amazon and examined the context of community vulnerability to acquiring these infections.MethodsWe trained 509 health care workers to screen sexually active populations in the community for syphilis and HIV using rapid testing (RT). We then assessed the prevalence of HIV and syphilis using RT. A multivariable analysis was used to identify factors associated with syphilis infection (sociodemographic, condom use, intrusion, population mobility, and violence).ResultsOf the 45,967 indigenous people tested, the mean age was 22.5 years (standard deviation: 9.2), and 56.5% were female. Overall, for HIV, the prevalence was 0.13% (57/43,221), and for syphilis, the prevalence was 1.82% (745/40,934). The prevalence in men, women, and pregnant women for HIV was 0.16%, 0.11%, and 0.07%, respectively, and for syphilis, it was 2.23%, 1.51%, and 1.52%, respectively. The district Vale do Javari had the highest prevalence of both infections (HIV: 3.38%, syphilis: 1.39%). This district also had the highest population mobility and intrusion and the lowest availability of prenatal services. Syphilis infection was independently associated with age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.05), male sex (OR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14–1.52), and mobility (moderate: OR: 7.46, 95% CI: 2.69–20.67; high: OR 7.09, 95% CI: 3.79–13.26).ConclusionsThe large-scale integration of RT in remote areas increased case detection among pregnant women, especially for syphilis, in districts with higher vulnerability. Mobility is an important risk factor, especially in districts with higher vulnerability. Contextually appropriate approaches that address this factor could contribute to the long-term success of HIV and syphilis control programs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and syphilis in the context of community vulnerability among indigenous people in the Brazilian Amazon

Benzaken

Sabidó

Brito

et al. 2017

Int J Equity Health

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“…These included gold mining as an income source; indigenous migration from rural to urban areas; having a DSEI located in a border area; facing restricted access to health services; inhabitation of an indigenous area with the presence of sex workers and other vulnerable groups, such as men who have sex with men, military personnel, religious groups, and non-indigenous foreigners; and polo base characteristics such as being located in a city, proximity to the city of Tabatinga (<1 h), being in a rural location close to an urban area (<1 h), proximity to the presence of narcotic traffic (<1 h), and high migration flow into indigenous communities. These components are considered cross-cutting issues that may influence the ways of life of indigenous communities at both the intraethnic and the interethnic levels, de-structure their social networks and their internal cohesion, undermine community responses [ 11 ], and increase their vulnerabilities to and risks of acquiring HIV and other STIs [ 12 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-care screening for syphilis and HIV in the borderlands: challenges in implementation in the Brazilian Amazon

Ruffinen

Sabidó

Bermúdez

et al. 2015

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundPoint-of-care (POC) screening for HIV and syphilis using rapid testing was implemented in indigenous communities in the triple-border area of the Brazilian Amazon. We describe the context of the early introduction of POC screening, explore hindering and enabling factors for POC implementation, and recommend strategies for feasible, viable, and sustainable syphilis and HIV screening interventions.MethodsThis was a qualitative study based on grounded theory methodology. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, and field observations and were analysed using the framework approach. Qualitative information was complemented by quantitative data for descriptive purposes.ResultsAn overall high score for vulnerability to acquiring HIV and syphilis was observed among the indigenous communities. Health professionals reported satisfactory rapid testing acceptance, although concerns were raised about the pain of the fingerprick. Counselling-related challenges included ensuring the accuracy of translations, collaborating with translators and communicating positive test results. Over 3 months, 86.7 % of the syphilis-positive individuals began treatment, and all of them notified their partners. Accessibility, measured as travel time via the local transportation network, was a barrier to health care access. A lack of gasoline for boats and other transportation was also a hindering factor at all levels of implementation.ConclusionsThe recommendations address the preparation phase at the coordination level as well as at the training level. Tools such as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analyses; checklists; context-adapted protocols; and fact sheets are very simple methods to facilitate implementation. The findings of this study are important because they may inform the implementation of new health technologies in low-resource national disease control programmes in remote communities.

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“…Habiendo emanado el concepto de interculturalidad de los movimientos sociales latinoamericanos (Bacigalupo, 2018), los procesos y usos vinculados al mismo emergieron y se desarrollaron desde 1970, en una búsqueda por legitimar, defender o empoderar a los grupos étnicos y cuestionar a los sectores dominantes que los excluían, subordinaban o discriminaban (Menéndez, 2016). Si bien se formuló el concepto desde el movimiento indígena ecuatoriano 1 para alcanzar la transformación radical de las estructuras, relaciones e instituciones coloniales, posteriormente se le dio un carácter funcional e individual que dejó de lado el cuestionamiento del carácter monocultural y hegemónico del Estado (Walsh, 2008;Ramírez, 2014;Menéndez, 2016). Es en esta disputa de significados donde se encuentran las principales "fallas" de su implementación.…”

Section: Sobre La Interculturalidadunclassified

La interculturalidad y la salud: reflexiones desde la experiencia

Solana¹,

Gómez²

2019

LiminaR

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A diferencia de las teorías y prácticas sobre salud intercultural, que se limitan a plantear y a problematizar la convivencia entre la medicina alópata y la medicina indígena, a partir de nuestra experiencia exponemos en el documento dimensiones socioculturales que a nivel macro y micro median en dicha relación. Estas involucran a una gran diversidad de actores, quienes confieren vida propia a la interculturalidad en salud, dando cuenta del reto que implica solucionar las problemáticas sanitarias de las minorías étnicas. Se plantea la conveniencia de realizar estudios de largo aliento para profundizar, documentar y entender el sentido de las prácticas de atención a la salud de los pueblos indígenas en términos de su relación con el ámbito más amplio de su cultura, vida social y devenir histórico. Esta, consideramos, es la condición para establecer un verdadero diálogo intercultural en salud.

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Salud, globalización e interculturalidad: una mirada antropológica a la situación de los pueblos indígenas de Sudamérica

Abstract: Salud, globalización e interculturalidad: una mirada antropológica a la situación de los pueblos indígenas de SudaméricaHealth, globalization and interculturalism: an anthropological approach to the situation of indigenous peoples in South America

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

HIV and syphilis in the context of community vulnerability among indigenous people in the Brazilian Amazon

HIV and syphilis in the context of community vulnerability among indigenous people in the Brazilian Amazon

Point-of-care screening for syphilis and HIV in the borderlands: challenges in implementation in the Brazilian Amazon

La interculturalidad y la salud: reflexiones desde la experiencia

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