Alumina applied in bone regeneration: Porous α-alumina and transition alumina

Abstract

Alumina is a polymorphic bioceramic that has been extensively investigated for application in bone regeneration. Dense α-alumina has been considered a suitable biomaterial for dental and orthopedic implants due to its superior mechanical properties. However, its use is limited due to its high inertia in a biological environment. Recent investigations have focused on its distinct phases and surface characteristics through the control of morphology, physical properties, and chemical composition to enhance bioactivity. This article presents a brief review of the developments in porous α-alumina and amorphous-γ-alumina transition. Most studies have shown that composites and alumina coated with bioactive materials, high surface area, and hydroxylated surface can significantly improve biological properties. Cellular responses such as fixation, growth, and proliferation, as well as biomineralization, are the main studies to validate improvements in bioactive properties.

Enhancing Porous Alumina Ceramics for Bioapplications Through Targeted Surface Modification Techniques

“…The capacity to change the surface characteristics of porous α-alumina to generate the ideal biocompatible and bioactive material is demonstrated by all of the above outcomes. It was discovered that the adhesion, proliferating, and differentiating of living osteoblast-like cells were significantly impacted by the surface rough of an aluminabased scaffold [41].…”

Sert Doku Uygulamaları İçin Makro Gözenekli Alüminyum Oksit-Bor Karbür Seramikleri

“…Bioceramic materials, which are made of ceramics that are biocompatible with the body, have a wide range of medical applications and can vary in their level of reactivity with biological tissues, from inert to active (Öksüz et al, 2023). Bioactive materials interact with body tissues through chemical bonding (Silva et al, 2022), while biodegradable bioceramics serve as a temporary scaffold to allow the regeneration of new bone tissue, after which they are naturally replaced by the body without requiring removal surgery (Chen et al, 2021). In contrast, bioinert materials do not have any chemical interaction with the biological environment or the body tissue, but they play a crucial role in bone implants due to their superior mechanical properties and high chemical stability (Kido et al, 2013).…”