Produção, caracterização e avaliação in vitro de partículas de quitosana e hidroxiapatita para substituição óssea

Abstract

Resumo Objetivou-se desenvolver, caracterizar e avaliar in vitro biomateriais compósitos de quitosana com hidroxiapatita (CHI/HA) para atuarem como substitutos ósseos. As quitosanas de baixa (L-CHI) e média (M-CHI) massa molecular foram previamente caracterizadas por gravimetria, viscosimetria e espectrofotometria ultravioleta. Os compósitos de CHI/HA foram produzidos por precipitação in situ, seguida de centrifugação (micropartículas) ou spray drying (nanopartículas), e caracterizados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier e difração de raios X. A citotoxicidade in vitro foi determinada por teste de viabilidade celular. L-CHI e M-CHI apresentaram, respectivamente, 15,7% e 16,4% de umidade, 0,51% e 0,18% de cinzas, 79,5% e 77,7% de grau de desacetilação e 4,18.104 e 17,3.104 de massa molecular média viscosimétrica. Os compósitos exibiram grupos característicos dos materiais de origem e escassa citotoxicidade. Concluiu-se que as técnicas foram eficazes para produção dos biomateriais, com características físico-químicas e biológicas adequadas para utilização nas terapias ósseas.

Chitosan and hydroxyapatite scaffolds with amoxicillin for bone repair

“…For example, spongy bone takes 3 to 6 months, while cortical bone takes 6 to 12 months to reshape. However, scaffolds degrade very quickly, the structural architecture to promote cell proliferation and functionality are lost, resulting in cell death (Almeida et al, 2019;Dumont, 2017).…”

“…But hydroxyapatite has some limitations that may compromise its biological activity in some applications, such as mechanical fragility and migration of particles from the implant region. However, when associated with chitosan in sscaffolds, the hydroxyapatite can improve its individual properties (Almeida et al, 2019;Chaves, 2015;Heidari et al, 2018;Luna-Domínguez et al, 2018;Shao, Zhao, & Yang, 2014;Zainol, Ghani, Mastor, Derman, & Yahya, 2009). Hydroxyapatite can be produced by several synthetic routes.…”

“…Such studies show the efficacy of the union between hydroxyapatite and chitosan in bone repair (R. S. Almeida et al, 2019;Heidari et al, 2018). This biopolymer is a linear polysaccharide, derived from chitin, with high load density, reactive groups and hydrogen bonds, with characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to accelerate bone formation.…”

“…Scaffolds are porous and temporary three-dimensional supports with adequate biophysical and biochemical conditions, both for cell propagation and to remain integrated to the host tissue, without risk of rejection, with synergistic action in the acceleration of angiogenesis, favoring the differentiation of mesenchymal cells. These properties have aroused the interest of several researchers (Al-Namnam et al, 2017;Heras et al, 2019;Sharipova, Gotman, Psakhie, & Gutmanas, 2019;Xu et al, 2015).Therefore, several studies have been done with scaffolds for application as biomaterial for bone repair, among these: calcium phosphate scaffolds (Batista, 2016;Lett, Sagadevan, Prabhakar, & Latha, 2019); hydroxyapatite and magnetite scaffolds (Chaves, 2015;Xu et al, 2015); bioscaffold hydroxyapatite doped with MgFe2O4 (John, Janeta, & Szafert, 2017); scaffold with strontium/hydroxyapatite and chitosan ; chitosan scaffold and hydroxyapatite (R. S. Almeida et al, 2019;Anamarua et al, 2016;Atak et al, 2017;Dantas, 2016;. These and other researches have proven the potential of scaffolds' properties in biomedical applications.…”