How long does it take to decompose all litter in Brazilian savanna forest?

Ribeiro, Fabiana Piontekowski; Oliveira, Alexsandra Duarte de; Bussinguer, Ângela Pereira; Rodrigues, Maísa Isabela; Cardoso, Mikaela Soares Silva; Lustosa, Ilvan Medeiros; Valadão, Marco Bruno Xavier; Gatto, Alcides

doi:10.1590/01047760202228012819

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is also important to note that the decomposition rate of food waste depends on the technologies used as well as the composition of food waste. The decomposition also depends on the types of waste 158 as well as the decomposition parameters. 159,160 For example, most vegetable waste decomposes within 5−30 days; however, a banana peel or an apple core requires more than 30 days.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonization (Htc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on the Challenges and Choices for Food Waste Valorization: Environmental and Economic Impacts

et al. 2023

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Valorization of food waste (FW) is instrumental for reducing the environmental and economic burden of FW and transitioning to a circular economy. The FW valorization process has widely been studied to produce various end-use products and summarize them; however, their economic, environmental, and social aspects are limited. This study synthesizes some of the valorization methods used for FW management and produces value-added products for various applications, and also discusses the technological advances and their environmental, economic, and social aspects. Globally, 1.3 billion tonnes of edible food is lost or wasted each year, during which about 3.3 billion tonnes of greenhouse gas is emitted. The environmental (−347 to 2969 kg CO2 equiv/tonne FW) and economic (−100 to $138/tonne FW) impacts of FW depend on the multiple parameters of food chains and waste management systems. Although enormous efforts are underway to reduce FW as well as valorize unavoidable FW to reduce environmental and economic loss, it seems the transdisciplinary approach/initiative would be essential to minimize FW as well as abate the environmental impacts of FW. A joint effort from stakeholders is the key to reducing FW and the efficient and effective valorization of FW to improve its sustainability. However, any initiative in reducing food waste should consider a broader sustainability check to avoid risks to investment and the environment.

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Section: Hydrothermal Carbonization (Htc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…159,160 For example, most vegetable waste decomposes within 5−30 days; however, a banana peel or an apple core requires more than 30 days. 158…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonization (Htc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Challenges and Choices for Food Waste Valorization: Environmental and Economic Impacts

et al. 2023

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Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy for Mapping Soil Carbon Stock in the Gilbués Desertification Region at Brazilian Cerrado

Sousa,

Silva,

Martins

et al. 2023

Land

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The carbon stock (C Stock) is a key soil attribute, especially in areas under degradation. The objective of this study was to map the C Stock and other physical and chemical attributes on the soil surface of a micro-watershed located in the Gilbués Desertification Nucleus and to calibrate pedometric functions to map them, applying spectra obtained by Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) in the near-infrared (NIR) region. This study was developed in the Piripiri Stream Micro-watershed (PSMW), which presents different levels of degradation. A total of 214 composite soil samples were collected from the 0–0.10 m depth layer. Spectral and laboratory analyses were performed following traditional methods. The results from 100 samples were subjected to descriptive analysis, pedometric modeling, and geostatistics, while the remainder were used exclusively for the prediction and modeling of the predicted attribute maps. C Stock ranged from 0.3 to 11%, with the highest values associated with the least sandy sites. We assert that stakeholders, including government agencies, could utilize DRS for mapping main soil attributes, such as C Stocks, soil granulometry, or total organic carbon, in regions characterized by similar parent material and soil properties. This application can support informed decision-making regarding land management in extensive areas facing soil threats.

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Carbon Storage in Different Compartments in Eucalyptus Stands and Native Cerrado Vegetation

Ribeiro

Gatto

Oliveira

et al. 2023

Plants

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This study evaluated Carbon (C) storage in different compartments in eucalyptus stands and native Cerrado vegetation. To determine C above ground, an inventory was carried out in the areas where diameter at breast height (DBH), diameter at base height (Db), and total tree height (H) were measured. In the stands, the rigorous cubage was made by the direct method, and in the native vegetation, it was determined by the indirect method through an allometric equation. Roots were collected by direct method using circular monoliths to a depth of 60 cm and determined by the volume of the cylinder. Samples were collected up to 100 cm deep to estimate C stock in the soil. All samples collected directly had C determined using the CHNS elemental analyzer. Gas samples were collected using a manually closed chamber, and the gas concentration was determined by gas chromatography. The results indicate high C storage in the studied areas > 183.99 Mg ha−1, could contribute to CO2 mitigation > 674.17 Mg ha−1. In addition to low emissions (<1 kg ha−1 yr−1) for the three evaluated areas, with no statistical difference in relation to the Global Warming Potential. Concerning the native cerrado vegetation conversion, the “4-year-old eucalyptus stand” seemed to restore the original soil carbon stocks in the first-meter depth, regardless of some losses that might have occurred right after establishment. Conversely, a significant loss of carbon in the soil was observed due to the alternative setting, where similar natural land was converted into agriculture, mostly soybean, and then, years later, turned into the “6-year-old eucalyptus stand” (28.43 Mg ha−1). Under this study, these mixed series of C baselines in landscape transitions have reflected on unlike C dynamics outcomes, whereas at the bottom line, total C stocks were higher in the younger forest (4-year-old stand). Therefore, our finding indicates that we should be thoughtful regarding upscaling carbon emissions and sequestration from small-scale measurements to regional scales

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How long does it take to decompose all litter in Brazilian savanna forest?

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

A Review on the Challenges and Choices for Food Waste Valorization: Environmental and Economic Impacts

A Review on the Challenges and Choices for Food Waste Valorization: Environmental and Economic Impacts

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy for Mapping Soil Carbon Stock in the Gilbués Desertification Region at Brazilian Cerrado

Carbon Storage in Different Compartments in Eucalyptus Stands and Native Cerrado Vegetation

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