Trends and Challenges of Brazilian Pellets Industry Originated From Agroforestry

Garcia, Dorival Pinheiro; Caraschi, José Cláudio; Ventorim, Gustavo; Vieira, Fábio Henrique Antunes

doi:10.1590/01047760201622032115

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Finally, an optimized service area was calculated that considered the distance required to supply the biomass demands at the biorefinery when considering the calculated yields. For the Brazil sugar cane BG, existing pellet facility locations were used . Note, however, that sugarcane BG pellets in São Paulo state will likely be produced at the sugarcane mill sites .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A carbon footprint assessment of multi‐output biorefineries with international biomass supply: a case study for the Netherlands

Vera

Hoefnagels

Kooij³

et al. 2019

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The efficient use of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of advanced fuels and bio‐based materials has become increasingly relevant. In the EU, regulatory developments are stimulating the mobilization and production of bio‐based chemicals / materials and biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. We used an attributional life‐cycle assessment approach based on region‐specific characteristics to determine the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) performance of different supply‐chain configurations with internationally sourced lignocellulosic biomass (stem wood, forest residues, sawmill residues, and sugarcane bagasse) from the USA, the Baltic States (BS), and Brazil (BR) for the simultaneous production of lactide and ethanol in a biorefinery located in the Netherlands (NL). The results are compared with a biorefinery that uses locally cultivated sugar beets. We also compared GHG emissions savings from the supply‐chain configurations with the minimum GHG saving requirements in the revised Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) and relevant fossil‐based counterparts for bio‐based materials. The GHG emissions ‘from cradle to factory gate’ vary between 692 g CO2eq/kglactide (sawmill residues pellets from the BS) and 1002 g CO2eq/kglactide (sawmill chips from the USA) for lactide and between 15 g CO2eq/MJethanol (sawmill residues pellets from the BS) and 28 g CO2eq/MJethanol (bagasse pellets from BR) for ethanol. Upstream GHG emissions from the conversion routes have a relatively small impact compared with biomass conversion to lactide and ethanol. The use of woody biomass yields better GHG emissions performance for the conversion system than sugarcane bagasse or sugar beets as result of the higher lignin content that is used to generate electricity and heat internally for the system. Only the sugar beet from the NL production route is able to comply with RED II GHG savings criteria (65% by 2021). The GHG savings from polylactide acid (a derivate of lactic acid) are high and vary depending on choice of fossil‐based counterpart, with the highest savings reported when compared to polystyrene (PS). These high savings are mostly attributed to the negative emission credit from the embedded carbon in the materials. Several improvement options along the conversion routes were explored. Efficient feedstock supply chains (including pelletization and large ocean vessels) also allow for long‐distance transportation of biomass and conversion in large‐scale biorefineries close to demand centers with similar GHG performance to biorefineries with a local biomass supply. © 2019 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the Brazil sugar cane BG, existing pellet facility locations were used. 62 Note, however, that sugarcane BG pellets in São Paulo state will likely be produced at the sugarcane mill sites. 63 Sugarcane BG availability (total supply) was assumed from the nearest sugar cane mill site to the existing pellet plant.…”

Section: Road Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

A carbon footprint assessment of multi‐output biorefineries with international biomass supply: a case study for the Netherlands

Vera

Hoefnagels

Kooij³

et al. 2019

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…pellets são combustíveis renováveis produzidos a partir de resíduos agroflorestais (pó de serra, serragem e maravalha de madeira, bagaço de cana) que passam por processo de secagem (umidade ideal de 12%), moagem (tamanho de partículas ≈ 3,0 mm) e densificação em matriz peletizadora perfurada com abertura de 6 ou 8 mm de diâmetro (GARCIA et al, 2016a;2018). Esses biocombustíveis sólidos são commodities comercializadas internacionalmente, que possuem baixo teor de umidade (5-10%), permitindo elevada densidade energética (11-14 GJ/m 3 ), que se traduz em eficiência térmica nas conversões de energia e baixo custo no transporte à longas distâncias.…”

Section: Osunclassified

“…A demanda mundial por pellets cresce exponencialmente, assim como as previsões de consumo desse biocombustível (Figura 1), pois eles são menos poluentes que os derivados de petróleo e são utilizados por países que precisam reduzir suas emissões de gases do efeito estufa e atender aos acordos firmados na Conferência do Clima (COP21), que ocorreu na França, em 2015 (GARCIA et al, 2016a;TAVARES & TAVARES, 2015;THRÄN et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Mapa Dos Produtores Brasileiros De Biocombustíveis Pellets

Garcia

Caraschi

Dal³

et al. 2018

Revista Brasileira De Engenharia De Biossistemas

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Os pellets são biocombustíveis que podem ser produzidos a partir de resíduos lignocelulósicos como o bagaço da cana-de-açúcar, serragem ou maravalha de madeira. A demanda mundial por esses produtos cresce exponencialmente, porque são recursos energéticos de baixo carbono e são utilizados por países que precisam reduzir suas emissões de gases do efeito estufa para atender aos acordos firmados na COP21. Para explorar as oportunidades desse negócio promissor é preciso oferecer informações ao mercado a respeito da produção, quantidade de indústrias produtoras e quais materiais lignocelulósicos estão sendo compactados no formato de pellets. Para isso, este artigo quer elaborar um mapa on line dos produtores de pellets brasileiros, descobrir qual tipo de biomassa vegetal é utilizada como matéria-prima e apurar quanto o país produziu desse biocombustível em 2017. Uma pesquisa com os atuais produtores foi realizada, com aplicação de um formulário on line do Google Forms, que obteve 100% de índice de resposta. Com base nesses dados construiu-se um Mapa dos Produtores Brasileiros de Pellets. Os resultados revelaram 18 fábricas ativas, distribuídas em cinco estados, que produziram 470 mil toneladas do produto em 2017, fabricados a partir de pinus, acácia-negra, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e casca de café. Palavras-chave: biomassa, energia renovável, pinus, bagaço-de-cana, Acacia mearnsii.

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“…Much has been written about the environmental issues of this increasing use of woody biomass for bioenergy, e.g., [1,7,[13][14][15], in terms of net climate change mitigation benefits, competition for land resources, and potential adverse side-effects on biodiversity and other ecosystem services. A large body of work has also quantified the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of wood pellets from short-rotation coppice (SRC) systems [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], roundwood [1,[26][27][28][29], logging residues [8,25,30,31], and wood industry residues [32,33], as well as the energy and transportation services from the international market of wood pellets, e.g., [28,30,[34][35][36][37][38]. Results, including the international trade of bioenergy products, usually suggest that the highest avoided emissions occur when wood pellets are used to replace energy systems from high-emission fossil fuel, such as coal e.g., [6][7][8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Energy and Environmental Aspects of Using Eucalyptus from Brazil for Energy and Transportation Services in Europe

2018

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The international market of woody biomass for bioenergy is expected to have a major role in future global scenarios aligning with a 2 or 1.5 • C target. However, the quantification of the environmental impacts of energy and transportation services from novel technologies and biomass production systems are yet to be extensively studied on a case-specific basis. We use a life cycle assessment approach to quantify environmental impacts of four bioenergy systems based on eucalyptus plantations established in abandoned pastureland in Brazil. The alternative bioenergy systems deliver energy and transportation services in Europe (cradle-to-gate analysis), including modern technologies for production of heat, electricity (with and without carbon capture and storage), and advanced liquid biofuels. We find that all bioenergy systems can achieve sizeable climate benefits, but in some cases at increased pressure in other impact categories. The most impacting activities are biomass transport stages, followed by eucalyptus stand establishment, and pellet production. An estimate of the potential large-scale bioenergy deployment of eucalyptus established in marginal areas in Brazil shows that up to 7 EJ of heat, 2.5 EJ of electricity, or 5 EJ of transportation biofuels per year can be delivered. This corresponds to a climate mitigation potential between 0.9% and 2.4% (0.29 and 0.83 GtCO 2 per year) of the global anthropogenic emissions in 2015, and between 5.7% and 16% of European emissions, depending on the specific bioenergy system considered. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the best environmental performance is achieved with on-site biomass storage, transportation of wood chips with trucks, pellets as energy carrier, and larger ship sizes. Our quantitative environmental analysis contributes to increased understanding of the potential benefits and tradeoffs of large-scale supply of biomass resources, and additional research can further improve resolution and integrate environmental impact indicators within a broader sustainability perspective, as indicated by the recently established sustainable development goals.Sustainability 2018, 10, 4068 2 of 18 combination with technologies for capture and storage of carbon emissions (BECCS) [3]. BECCS allows achieving negative CO 2 emissions, after energy and transportation services are used to replace fossil fuels. However, many studies alert to the fact that feasibility of large-scale deployment of BECCS has not yet been demonstrated, nor have its potential and risks been fully examined [1,[4][5][6].The international market of forest biomass in the form of wood pellets have increased dramatically in the recent years, with Europe being the main importer and North America the main exporter [7][8][9][10][11], mostly due the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) [12]. In this policy, the European countries aim to increase the share of renewable energy in their gross final energy consumption to 20% by 2020. Much has been written about the environmental issues of this increasing use of woo...

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Trends and Challenges of Brazilian Pellets Industry Originated From Agroforestry

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

A carbon footprint assessment of multi‐output biorefineries with international biomass supply: a case study for the Netherlands

A carbon footprint assessment of multi‐output biorefineries with international biomass supply: a case study for the Netherlands

Mapa Dos Produtores Brasileiros De Biocombustíveis Pellets

Energy and Environmental Aspects of Using Eucalyptus from Brazil for Energy and Transportation Services in Europe

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