Esterification of Oleic Acid in a Semi-Batch Bubble Reactor for Biodiesel Production

Souza, Domingos Fabiano de Santana; Silva, Maxwell Gomes; Oliveira, G. S.; Carvalho, Joana; Nobre, Lucas Rafael Pinto; Deus, M. S.; Jesus, Anderson Alles de; Oliveira, Jackson Araújo de

doi:10.1590/0104-6632.20190361s20180185

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For instance, ethanol was used instead of methanol in these reactions, which is less reactive for esterifcation. Te investigated temperature ranged between 323 and 343 K, which is a milder range compared to other papers that employed overheated alcohols (>373 K), as demonstrated in the studies by Pinnarat and Savage [22] and Silva et al [6]. Notably, in Table 3, it is observed that Cannilla et al [24] achieved a 98% conversion in ethanol esterifcation; nevertheless, the authors used a catalyst dosage more than 7 times higher than the mass employed in this study.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Operating Variables Of The Atomizationmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Much of biodiesel currently produced is obtained through esterifcation or transesterifcation reactions between oils or fat with methanol to produce methyl esters from fatty acids [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Te acquisition of these raw materials (mainly triglycerides) in the biodiesel value chain represents the main production cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to overcome this problem in the use of ethanol, several studies have been carried out to intensify the reaction by changing the reactor design. Among these studies, use of ultrasonic irradiation [21], noncatalytic processes in subcritical and supercritical conditions [22], reactive distillation columns [23], use of membranes to water removal [24], use of bubble reactors with a homogeneous catalyst [6,25] can be highlighted. Furthermore, for transesterifcation reactions, several works have been carried out to increase the surface area between reactants aiming to lower mass transfer resistance [26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Using a Semibatch Atomization Apparatus

Deus,

Lira

et al. 2023

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Although biodiesel production is undoubtedly a mature technology, there are still ways to improve it, especially through process intensification. The present study investigated the esterification of oleic acid with ethanol for biodiesel production in a nonconventional atomization reactor. The effects of the oleic acid flow rate (1.3, 2.6, and 3.9 g/min), atomization pressure (50, 100, and 150 kPa), and temperature (323, 333, and 343 K) were evaluated by a complete factorial experimental design. The size of droplets was determined by computational image processing. A mathematical model was also developed to describe the conversion of oleic acid to ethyl ester as a function of molar concentration of components and operating conditions of the reactor. A hybrid estimation of parameters (pre-exponential factor, activation energy, and equilibrium and solubility constants) was performed using particle swarm optimization followed by the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno method. The Pareto analysis has shown that the increase in temperature in the reactor and the increase in atomization pressure have improved the conversion of oleic acid. Higher pressure values in the atomization nozzle led to the generation of small oleic acid droplets, which accelerated reagent consumption during the reaction. On the other hand, conversion values were reduced by increasing the oleic acid flow rate. The highest conversion of oleic acid (86.7%) was obtained under the following reaction conditions: temperature of 343 K, atomization pressure of 150 kPa, oleic acid flow rate equal to 1.3 g/min using 0.7% sulfuric acid (mol of sulfuric acid/mol of oleic acid), and 2 h of reaction time. The simulations showed that esterification is governed by temperature, but it is possible to observe that the atomization pressure affects more conversion of oleic acid under a low temperature (<323 K).

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Section: Evaluation Of the Operating Variables Of The Atomizationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Using a Semibatch Atomization Apparatus

Deus,

Lira

et al. 2023

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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“…Similar to the batch process, the semi-batch mode is characterized by a high operation cost, low production rate, and high energy consumption. There is a high rate of human intervention during the process leading to a highly strenuous and labor-intensive process [ 60 , 61 , 62 ]. Figure 6 shows the schematic diagram of a semi-continuous flow reactor for biodiesel production as reported by Malpartida et al [ 63 ].…”

Section: Modes Of Biodiesel Production In Reactor Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Tubular Reactor Technologies for the Acceleration of Biodiesel Production

Awogbemi

Kallon

2022

Bioengineering

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The need to arrest the continued environmental contamination and degradation associated with the consumption of fossil-based fuels has continued to serve as an impetus for the increased utilization of renewable fuels. The demand for biodiesel has continued to escalate in the past few decades due to urbanization, industrialization, and stringent government policies in favor of renewable fuels for diverse applications. One of the strategies for ensuring the intensification, commercialization, and increased utilization of biodiesel is the adaptation of reactor technologies, especially tubular reactors. The current study reviewed the deployment of different types and configurations of tubular reactors for the acceleration of biodiesel production. The feedstocks, catalysts, conversion techniques, and modes of biodiesel conversion by reactor technologies are highlighted. The peculiarities, applications, merits, drawbacks, and instances of biodiesel synthesis through a packed bed, fluidized bed, trickle bed, oscillatory flow, and micro-channel tubular reactor technologies are discussed to facilitate a better comprehension of the mechanisms behind the technology. Indeed, the deployment of the transesterification technique in tubular reactor technologies will ensure the ecofriendly, low-cost, and large-scale production of biodiesel, a high product yield, and will generate high-quality biodiesel. The outcome of this study will enrich scholarship and stimulate a renewed interest in the application of tubular reactors for large-scale biodiesel production among biodiesel refiners and other stakeholders. Going forward, the use of innovative technologies such as robotics, machine learning, smart metering, artificial intelligent, and other modeling tools should be deployed to monitor reactor technologies for biodiesel production.

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“…Biodiesel possesses a relatively high flash point, thus making it have low volatility; hence, it is safe in terms of transportation and handling in comparison with petroleum diesel. Biodiesel also possesses good lubrication properties, which is an advantage to the engine since it reduces engine wear and lengthened the engine's life span [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Croton as a Multipurpose Nonedible Tree Plant for Biodiesel Production towards Feedstock Diversification for Sustainable Energy

Takase

2022

Advances in Agriculture

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Oil demand has risen steadily due to the growing industrialization and modernization of the world. In addition to rising costs, the supply of fossil fuels is also declining. These and many other concerns couple with food shortages have drawn attention of scientists to a substitute fuel that is generated from feedstocks that can be renewed. Biodiesel as an alternative fuel with a lot of expectations is produced using edible grown conventional vegetable oils such as sunflower, rapeseed, palm, and soybean. The production of biodiesel from edible oils has, meanwhile, worsened the existing competitiveness of oil used for food and fuel. Emphasis on using nonedible feedstock is currently guided by research to discover more potential nonedible feedstock such as croton. Differences between perceptions and facts about these nonedible oils necessitate efforts to diversify feedstocks into sources that can warrant the production of energy without impacting on the security of food. Croton is a multipurpose evergreen plant that is nonedible and is commonly present and cultivated under environmental and socio-economic conditions, which are complex in nature. This plant, referred to as a golden tree, has various uses including fuels, medicinal, ornamentals, dyes, feed, enriching of soil, and afforestation. This research was therefore carried out to investigate the multipurpose use croton. Among the highlighted areas include croton (feedstock) used for biodiesel, the necessity for croton seed oil and its value chain, the process for the modifying croton oil to biodiesel, factors that influence the production of biodiesel, the application of croton biodiesel in engines for efficiency and emission characteristics, and prospects for croton biodiesel.

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Esterification of Oleic Acid in a Semi-Batch Bubble Reactor for Biodiesel Production

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Using a Semibatch Atomization Apparatus

Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Using a Semibatch Atomization Apparatus

Application of Tubular Reactor Technologies for the Acceleration of Biodiesel Production

A Critical Review of Croton as a Multipurpose Nonedible Tree Plant for Biodiesel Production towards Feedstock Diversification for Sustainable Energy

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