Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters From an Olive Oil Industry Waste

Serafini, María Cecilia; Tonetto, Gabriela Marta

doi:10.1590/0104-6632.20190361s20170535

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The chlorophyll and total carotenoid content of crude olive pomace oil were obtained as 105.25 mg pheophytin a/kg oil and 2.85 mg/kg olive pomace oil, respectively. The chlorophyll content was higher than that reported earlier (77 mg pheophytin/kg crude olive pomace oil) by Serafini and Tonetto [ 44 ]. The chlorophyll content of crude olive pomace oil was higher but the carotenoid content was lower than the average values given for extra virgin olive oil (11.75 mg chlorophyll/kg oil, 8.21 mg carotenoid/kg oil) by Cho and Lee [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 79%

Hot-Air-Assisted Radiofrequency Drying of Olive Pomace and Its Effect on the Quality of Olive Pomace Oil

Turan,

Elik Demir,

Göğüş

et al. 2023

Foods

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In this study, the drying of olive pomace in a hot-air-assisted radio frequency system (HA–RF) was conducted, and its effects on crude olive pomace oil quality were investigated. In this respect, the effects of radiofrequency electrode distance (90, 105 and 120 mm), sample thickness (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 cm) and compaction density (~0.45, ~0.60 and ~0.82 g/cm3) on drying rate have been evaluated. The best drying, with a higher drying efficiency, was obtained with 1 kg of sample weight and a 10 cm product thickness, ~0.45 g/cm3 compaction density and 105 mm electrode distance. Moreover, the results showed that the compaction density significantly affects the drying rate. The drying time was prolonged by approximately four times by increasing the compaction density from ~0.45 to ~0.82 g/cm3. The drying rate of olive pomace in HA–RF drying was compared with drying performed using hot air (HA) and radiofrequency (RF). The results revealed that HA–RF application reduced the drying time by almost 1.7 times compared to hot air drying and by about 2.7 times compared to radiofrequency. The peroxide value, free fatty acid content, p-anisidine value, polyaromatic hydrocarbon content, L*, a*, b*, chlorophyll and total carotenoid content of the oil extracted from the olive pomace dried under the best drying conditions were 1.09%, 12.2 meq O2/kg oil, 3.01, <1 ppb, 38.6, 7.5, 62.56, 105.25 mg pheophytin a/kg oil, 2.85 mg/kg oil, respectively. The drying of olive pomace in a hot-air-assisted radio frequency system could be an alternative way to ensure the safe and rapid drying of olive pomace.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 79%

Hot-Air-Assisted Radiofrequency Drying of Olive Pomace and Its Effect on the Quality of Olive Pomace Oil

Turan,

Elik Demir,

Göğüş

et al. 2023

Foods

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“…Methanol (UVE HPLC) and pomace oil characterized previously were used as reagents. In a recent work [8], it was reported that the acid value of pomace oil is 2.3 mg KOH/g oil and the aqueous content corresponds to 0.07%.…”

Section: Catalytic Testsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Pomace Oil Catalyzed by Zinc Stearate: A Kinetic Study of the Transesterification and Esterification Reactions

Serafini

Tonetto

2019

Catalysts

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In this work, the simultaneous transesterification and esterification reactions of olive pomace oil with methanol catalyzed by zinc stearate were studied. This catalyst is a crystalline solid at room temperature, but it is soluble in the reaction medium at reaction temperature. Zinc stearate has surfactant properties that cause the formation of an emulsion in the reaction system. The stability of the emulsion formed in the oil-methanol-catalyst system was compared to that in the FAME (fatty acid methyl esters)-methanol-catalyst system. It was observed that the emulsion formed in the presence of high amounts of FAME is much more unstable, which makes the catalyst easy to separate from the reaction products. The kinetics of esterification and transesterification were also studied. All the kinetic and equilibrium constants were determined with a complete model, considering the three stepwise reactions corresponding to the transesterification of triglycerides and the esterification of free fatty acids. The parameters obtained were used to model the operating conditions that would allow obtaining biodiesel that meets the quality standards.Catalysts 2019, 9, 978 2 of 15 not suitable for human consumption due to its high acidity, its color, and its odor, among other qualities [6,7]. In a previous work in our research group [8], raw pomace oil was studied as raw material in biodiesel production using zinc stearate as catalyst. At 140 • C, with 3% catalyst loading and a methanol/oil molar ratio of 30, 98% and 67% of triglyceride and free fatty acids (FFA) conversions and 84% of FAME yield were achieved.There are studies on the production of biodiesel from pomace oil using different catalysts. Yüsel [9] reported the use of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase on olive pomace powder as a catalyst for biodiesel production. The maximum FAME yield obtained was 93% at 25 • C in 24 h. also used an immobilized lipase as catalyst to obtain biodiesel from alperujo oil with a high degree of acidity. They obtained a FAME yield of 29% after 6 h of reaction at 30 • C. Both studies added methanol in three stages to avoid the inhibition of lipase.As for homogeneous catalysis, Hernández et al.[11] studied the transesterification of pomace oil catalyzed by KOH. They achieved a FAME yield of 95% at 60 • C in 1 h of reaction time. On the other hand, Lama-Muños et al.[6] studied a two-stage process that included acid esterification with H 2 SO 4 followed by base transesterification using NaOH, obtaining a maximum FAME yield of 95% at 60 • C after 80 min of reaction.In the process of biodiesel production with acid raw materials, it is desirable to have an active catalyst in both the transesterification and esterification reactions, as well as an easy separation of the catalyst from the reaction medium.In a previous work carried out by our research group [12], the use of zinc carboxylate salts in the esterification of oleic acid and in the transesterification of refined soybean oil with methanol was studied. Specifically, zinc laureate (LaZn), zinc ...

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“…Olive pomace also has chemical properties in terms of nutrition, with a high percentage of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. It is also a good source of fatty acids, minerals, and phenolic compounds [64] (Figure 10). Despite having positive impacts, using olive waste as animal feed is not commercially viable because of concerns with digestion, taste, and safety [65].…”

Section: Olive Pomacementioning

confidence: 99%

New Advances in Postharvest Technology: An Overview for Feed Production from Postharvest Wastes and By-Products

Sadeghi,

Parnian-khajehdizaj,

Ganjkhanlou

et al. 2023

New Advances in Postharvest Technology

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Globally agricultural production system generates a substantial proportion of postharvest waste that causes environmental pollution resulting in economic losses and human health-related problems. It is therefore important to make an assessment of this loss and turn it back to the consumption cycle. Processing and conversion of by-products, residues, and agricultural wastes and their reuse in the production cycle is a suitable solution for the economic use of these types of postharvest waste, especially in feeding livestock animals or in related industries. This chapter provides an overview of the assessment of the postharvest wastes that are generated in the field or on the farm at the time of harvest or processing industry. After introducing the potential use of technologies to upgrade postharvest waste for animal feed purposes and briefly discussing livestock performance, this review presents the latest and most interesting research on the use of postharvest wastes as feed.

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Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters From an Olive Oil Industry Waste

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Hot-Air-Assisted Radiofrequency Drying of Olive Pomace and Its Effect on the Quality of Olive Pomace Oil

Hot-Air-Assisted Radiofrequency Drying of Olive Pomace and Its Effect on the Quality of Olive Pomace Oil

Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Pomace Oil Catalyzed by Zinc Stearate: A Kinetic Study of the Transesterification and Esterification Reactions

New Advances in Postharvest Technology: An Overview for Feed Production from Postharvest Wastes and By-Products

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