Biomass Pyrolysis Kinetics: A Review of Molecular-Scale Modeling Contributions

Murillo, Jessica D.; Biernacki, Joseph J.; Northrup, Scott H.; Mohammad, Abdul Salam

doi:10.1590/0104-6632.20170341s20160086

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…This increase is anticipated to increase the electrical properties of composites [23]. Both the physical and chemical properties of particle are largely reliant on the void, particle size, ratio of the amorphous, and crystalline phases as cited by Murillo et al [24] and Richard et al [25]. The patterns of XRD of all SLS-HDPE composites do not display any secondary peaks signifying that the material samples were pure samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

The Effects of SLS on Structural and Complex Permittivity of SLS-HDPE Composites

Meli

Abbas

Zaid

et al. 2019

Advances in Polymer Technology

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RS-4050 is a rigid epoxy based magnetic castable microwave absorbing material; it has been used in many areas of waveguide application as a microwave waveguide terminations and dummy loads. In recent years, there is a demand for composites material with lower dielectric constant higher loss factor for microwave application. This research, the effect of soda lime silica (SLS) on structural and complex permittivity of soda lime silica-high density polyethylene (SLS-HDPE) composites was conducted in order to explore the possibility of substituting RS-4050 with SLS-HDPE composites as a microwave waveguide terminations and dummy loads. Elemental weight composition of the SLS glass powder and HDPE was identified through scaling of different percentage of SLS and HDPE. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the crystallinity behavior of SLS-HDPE composites. The proposed SLS-HDPE composites material was studied at frequencies 8 to 12 GHz. The study was conducted using waveguide Agilent N5230A PNA technique. The effect of microwave frequency on complex permittivity properties for SLS-HDPE composites of different percentages of SLS and HDPE (10% SLS-90% HDPE, 20% SLS-80% HDPE, 30% SLS-70% HDPE, 40% SLS-60% HDPE, and 50% SLS-50% HDPE) were investigated. Results showed the diffraction patterns reveal good amorphous quality with a genuinely properties structure. The microwave frequency and composites percentages significantly influenced the complex permittivity (real and imaginary) properties of the composites. Moreover, the complex permittivity increased as the percentage of SLS filler increased in the host matrix HDPE as a result of increased in composite density due to less volume being occupied by the filler as the percentage increased. The complex permittivity of the smallest and largest percentages of SLS (10% and 50%) was (2.67-j0.05) and (3.45-j0.35), respectively. The study revealed that the best sample for waveguide application as microwave terminator is 50% SLS as it has the highest dielectric constant, highest loss factor, and highest loss tangent as compared to 10% SLS to 40% SLS. Also 50% SLS has the highest absorption properties as compare to 10% SLS, 20% SLS, 30% SLS, or 40% SLS. The XRD physical structure of the SLS-HDPE composites revealed the absorption characteristics of different percentages of the materials. The SLS-HDPE composites can be applied in the area of waveguide as a microwave waveguide terminations and dummy loads.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

The Effects of SLS on Structural and Complex Permittivity of SLS-HDPE Composites

Meli

Abbas

Zaid

et al. 2019

Advances in Polymer Technology

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“…TGAs are widely applied in kinetic studies because of their ability to measure sample weight loss and temperature measurement with respect to reaction time (Bach & Chen, 2017;Cai et al, 2018;Murillo, Biernacki, Northrup, & Mohammad, 2017;Wang et al, 2016). Thermogravimetric data and differential thermogravimetric data (DTG) facilitate identification of various stages of biomass pyrolysis and temperature ranges for the decomposition of biomass components, respectively (Dollimore, Evans, Lee, & Wilburn, 1992).…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analyzersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through TGA studies the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin was found to occur in reasonably distinct temperature ranges, 300-400, 200-380 and above 400 C, respectively (Yang, Yan, Chen, Lee, & Zheng, 2007). This topic has been extensively reviewed by Bach and Chen (2017), Cai et al (2018), Murillo et al (2017), and Wang et al (2016). For over several decades, TGA-based studies are being performed to gather global kinetics of biomass and its components but no intrinsic kinetics can be elucidated.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analyzersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring biomass fast pyrolysis kinetics: State of the art

SriBala

Carstensen

Marin

2018

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is considered to be a promising thermochemical route for the production of drop‐in fuels and valuable chemicals. During the past decades, a comprehensive understanding of feedstock structure, fast pyrolysis kinetics, product distribution, and transport effects that govern the process has allowed to design better pyrolysis reactors and/or catalysts. A variety of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, like corn stover, pinewood, poplar, and model compounds like glucose, xylan, monolignols have been utilized to study the thermal decomposition at or close to fast pyrolysis conditions. Significant progress has been made in understanding the kinetics by developing unique setups such as drop‐tube, PHASR, and micropyrolyzer reactors in combination with the use of advanced analytical techniques such as comprehensive gas and liquid chromatography (GC, LC) with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (TOF‐MS). This has led to initial intrinsic kinetic models for biomass and its main components, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, validated using experimental setups where the effects of heat and mass transfer on the performance of the process, expressed using Biot and pyrolysis numbers, are adequately negligible. Yet, not all aspects of fast pyrolysis kinetics of biomass components are equally well understood. The use of time‐resolved or multiplexed experimental techniques can further improve our understanding of reaction intermediates and their corresponding kinetic mechanisms. The novel experimental data combined with first principles based multiscale models can reshape biomass pyrolysis models and transform biomass fast pyrolysis to a more selective and energy efficient process. This article is categorized under: Energy and Climate > Climate and Environment Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials Bioenergy > Science and Materials

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“…Pyrolysis, as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology for biomass conversion, has several advantages over the methods of incineration and landfilling because of its low energy consumption (only approximately 10% of the energy content of biomass is consumed for the pyrolysis itself), and the harmful gas emission in biomass pyrolysis is remarkably weaker than that in incineration. Therefore, in the past few years, pyrolysis has attracted growing interest as a promising versatile platform to convert biomass into valuable resources, and the number of scientific journal papers regarding biomass pyrolysis published per year increases rapidly, and has been thoroughly reviewed (Sharma et al, 2015;Anca-Couce, 2016;Dilks et al, 2016;Hassan et al, 2016;Kan et al, 2016;Patel et al, 2016;Tripathi et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016;Chiaramonti et al, 2017;Dhyani & Bhaskar, 2017;Li & Jiang, 2017;Liu et al, 2017;Murillo et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2017;Zeng et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis Kinetics of Hulless Barley Straw Using the Distributed Activation Energy Model (Daem) by the Tg/Dta Technique and Sem/XRD Characterizations for Hulless Barley Straw Derived Biochar

Zhang

Huang

Chen

et al. 2018

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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The pyrolysis kinetics of hulless barley straw at different heating rates of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 ºC/min were investigated via thermogravimetry, and the activation energy distribution E and pre-exponential factor k 0 were calculated using the Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM) from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves, and characterizations of pyrolysis product of biochar were analyzed by techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The pyrolysis process consisted mainly of the dehydration stage (50-150 ºC), the active pyrolysis stage (200-400 ºC) and the passive pyrolysis stage (400-800 ºC). The E ranged from 73.45 to 214.11 kJ/mol within the conversion rate range of 0.10-0.55, and changed from 214.11 to 141.55 kJ/mol within the conversion rate range of 0.55-0.90, and the average value of E was 172.23 kJ/mol. The values of k 0 changed greatly with E values at different mass conversion. The wide E and k 0 distributions obtained from the kinetic analysis are attributed to the complex chemical reactions of pyrolysis. The structure of biochar was degraded or ruptured due to the increase in temperature. The XRD analysis confirmed that the biochar was amorphous, dominated by disordered graphitic crystallites.

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Biomass Pyrolysis Kinetics: A Review of Molecular-Scale Modeling Contributions

Cited by 23 publications

References 141 publications

The Effects of SLS on Structural and Complex Permittivity of SLS-HDPE Composites

The Effects of SLS on Structural and Complex Permittivity of SLS-HDPE Composites

Measuring biomass fast pyrolysis kinetics: State of the art

Pyrolysis Kinetics of Hulless Barley Straw Using the Distributed Activation Energy Model (Daem) by the Tg/Dta Technique and Sem/XRD Characterizations for Hulless Barley Straw Derived Biochar

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