Leaching of Malachite Ore in Ammonium Sulfate Solutions and Production of Copper Oxide

Ekmekyapar, Ahmet; Demirkıran, Nizamettin; Künkül, Asım; Aktaş, Evrim

doi:10.1590/0104-6632.20150321s00003211

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The ammoniacal system shrinking core model is the most used mathematical model for ammonical leaching kinetics [18][19][20], but it cannot explain the leaching progress in this work. Figures 2, 3, 5 and 6…”

Section: Kinetic Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Kinetics of Hemimorphite in Ammonium Chloride Solution

Zhao¹,

Yang²,

Chen³

et al. 2017

Metals

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The leaching kinetics of hemimorphite (Zn 4 Si 2 O 7 (OH) 2 •H 2 O) in ammonium chloride solution was presented in detail. Effects of stirring speed (150-350 rpm), leaching temperature (75-108 • C), particle size of hemimorphite (45-150 µm), and the concentration of ammonium chloride (3.5-5.5 mol/L) on the zinc extraction rate were studied. The zinc extraction rate enhanced slightly with the increase in stirring speed, but increased significantly with an increase in the leaching temperature and ammonium chloride concentration. Zinc extraction was enhanced significantly in the first 60 min with decreasing particle size, but had little effect on the leaching process after 60 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that some silica gel formed in the leaching process was not separated from the hemimorphite surface, but covered some of the active particle surface. The Elovich equation successfully described the leaching kinetics of hemimorphite in ammonium chloride solution with an apparent activation energy of 405.14 kJ/mol at temperatures of 75-90 • C and 239.61 kJ/mol at temperatures of 95-108 • C, which is characteristic for a chemically-controlled process. Silica gel is generated at temperatures of 75-90 • C and decomposed into silica at temperatures of 95-108 • C.

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Section: Kinetic Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Kinetics of Hemimorphite in Ammonium Chloride Solution

Zhao¹,

Yang²,

Chen³

et al. 2017

Metals

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“…Generally, this model expressed by below described equations [11,19,31]. This model assumes that the reaction between solid and liquid reactants occurs on the outer surface of the solid particle and the reacting particles are spherical, and their size does not change during reaction [23].…”

Section: Identification Of the Leaching Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researches on leaching behavior and kinetics of copper oxide ores have been extensively conducted by different lixiviants including mineral acids such as HCl, H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 [7,[9][10][11]; organic acids such as citric acid and lactic acid [11][12][13]; chlorine [14], ammonium hydroxide or ammonium salts including ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium citrate and ammonium acetate, etc. (2,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) and alkaline glycine solutions [25].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive study of the leaching behavior and dissolution kinetics of copper oxide ore in sulfuric acid lixiviant

2018

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The leaching behavior of an Iranian copper oxide ore in sulphuric acid was investigated in detail to evaluate the influence of various factors, to optimize the dissolution conditions and to determine the kinetics of the leaching. The results indicated that the increase in the leaching time and temperature enhanced the leaching rate of copper. The leaching rate increased up to a certain value with increasing the agitation rate, acid concentration and liquid/solid ratio and with further increment reduced. Agitaion rate had the most influence on the dissolution of copper. The 3D response surface graphs confirmed the interactive effects of sulphuric acid concentration, agitation speed, and liquid/solid ratio with temperature. About 91% copper content was leached at~13% sulphuric acid concentration, stirring rate of 600 rpm, liquid/solid ratio of 10 mL/g and 50 °C after 80 min leaching. The dissolution kinetics was examined according to heterogeneous models. The shrinking core model assuming rate control by diffusion through the product layer was found appropriate to describe the dissolution of copper in sulphuric acid solution. The activation energy was obtained to be 26.699 kJ/mol and equation representing the leaching kinetics of copper based on diffusioncontrolled model was found to be 1-3(1-x) 2/3 +2(1-x) = 161.97×exp(-26.699×10 3 /8.314×T)×t.

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“…In recent times, beneficiation of ilmenite into synthetic rutile has drawn the attention of many researchers considering the increasing scarcity of natural rutile. Reference [1] reported that metal production from any metal source, like ore, concentrate, and secondary sources (various industrial wastes containing metals and scrap metals, etc.) is performed by one of the pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods, or by a combination of them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the leaching step in hydrometallurgy, the metal is leached using a suitable lixiviant [1]. The most efficient leaching agents are acids, due to their ability to leach both base and precious metals [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution Kinetics of Ilmenite Ore in A Binary Solution

Okoye¹,

Onukwuli²,

Okey-Onyesolu³

2019

EJERS

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Leaching of iron from ilmenite ore using a binary solution (HCl-NaNO3) was investigated. The raw ilmenite ore sample was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and X-ray Flourescence (XRF) techniques. The influence of acid concentration, oxidant concentration, particle size, solution temperature, stirring speed and liquid-to-solid ratios on the extent of dissolution was examined. The experimental data obtained at various process parameter conditions were tested in six kinetics models: shrinking core model’s diffusion through liquid film model(DTLF), diffusion through product layer model (DTPL), surface chemical reaction model (SCR)); mixed kinetics model (MKM), Jander (three dimensional) model and Kröger and Ziegler model. The crystalline morphology of the sample was displayed by the SEM micrograph. XRF result revealed the dominance of titanium and iron in ilmenite while XRD confirmed that ilmenite exist mainly as FeTiO2. The results of the leaching studies showed that ilmenite dissolution in the binary solution increases with increasing acid concentration, oxidant concentration, reaction temperature, stirring speed and liquid-to-solid ratio; while it decreases with particle size. The study showed that 94.77% iron was dissolved by 1MHCl-0.6M NaNO3 at 75μm particle size, 75˚C reaction temperature, 300rpm stirring speed and 30L/g liquid-to-solid ratio. The kinetics of the leaching process was best described by Kröger and Ziegler model with diffusion through the product layer as rate controlling step. The activation energy, Ea, was calculated to be 6.42kJ/mol. The results indicate that HCl-NaNO3 binary solution can be used as an effective lixiviant for extracting iron from ilmenite ores.

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Leaching of Malachite Ore in Ammonium Sulfate Solutions and Production of Copper Oxide

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Leaching Kinetics of Hemimorphite in Ammonium Chloride Solution

Leaching Kinetics of Hemimorphite in Ammonium Chloride Solution

A comprehensive study of the leaching behavior and dissolution kinetics of copper oxide ore in sulfuric acid lixiviant

Dissolution Kinetics of Ilmenite Ore in A Binary Solution

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