Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste

Almeida, Débora; Marques, Maria de Fátima Vieira

doi:10.1590/0104-1428.2100

Cited by 145 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Thermoplastic pyrolysis is a tertiary recycling method that produces liquid hydrocarbons in an inert thermal cracking chemical reaction [7]. The pyrolysis chemical reactions involve scission of long chain polymers to smaller chains forming hydrocarbon products in the C 4 -C 40 range [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Thermal Plasma Design and Utilization for the Low Density Polyethylene to Diesel Oil Pyrolysis Reaction

Aboughaly

Stoute

2017

Energies

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Abstract:The exponential increase of plastic production produces 100 million tonnes of waste plastics annually which could be converted into hydrocarbon fuels in a thermal cracking process called pyrolysis. In this research work, a direct current (DC) thermal plasma circuit is designed and used for conversion of low density polyethylene (LDPE) into diesel oil in a laboratory scale pyrolysis reactor. The experimental setup uses a 270 W DC thermal plasma at operating temperatures in the range of 625 • C to 860 • C for a low density polyethylene (LDPE) pyrolysis reaction at pressure = −0.95, temperature = 550 • C with τ = 30 min at a constant heating rate of 7.8 • C/min. The experimental setup consists of a vacuum pump, closed system vessel, direct current (DC) plasma circuit, and a k-type thermocouple placed a few millimeters from the reactant sample. The hydrocarbon products are condensed to diesel oil and analyzed using flame ionization detector (FID) gas chromatography. The analysis shows 87.5% diesel oil, 1,4-dichlorobenzene (Surr), benzene, ethylbenzene and traces of toluene and xylene. The direct current (DC) thermal plasma achieves 56.9 wt. % of diesel range oil (DRO), 37.8 wt. % gaseous products and minimal tar production. The direct current (DC) thermal plasma shows reliability, better temperature control, and high thermal performance as well as the ability to work for long operation periods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Thermal Plasma Design and Utilization for the Low Density Polyethylene to Diesel Oil Pyrolysis Reaction

Aboughaly

Stoute

2017

Energies

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“…Furthermore, the naphthenic percentage is also increased in the order of PE>Wax 2>Wax 1, indicating the cyclic carbon chain formation tendency is higher with increase in carbon chain length (Figure a). The mechanism for the formation of naphthenic compounds follows either recombination of bi‐radical intermediate or intramolecular cyclization involving an alkene‐radical containing intermediate . The cyclization can occur from 1–5, 1–6 and 1–7 position through transit state of five, six or seven membered ring containing naphthenes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism for the formation of naphthenic compounds follows either recombination of bi-radical intermediate or intramolecular cyclization involving an alkeneradical containing intermediate. [23][24][25][26] The cyclization can occur from 1-5, 1-6 and 1-7 position through transit state of five, six or seven membered ring containing naphthenes. As the PE can form the bi-radical due to simultaneous cracking at multiple position, the naphthenic percentage is high.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid Py‐GC/MS Study for Linear Alpha Olefin Production from Fast Pyrolysis of Wax and Waste Polyethylene

Ramachandrarao¹,

Naresh²,

Panday

et al. 2019

ChemistrySelect

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The feed and temperature dependent Linear Alpha olefins (LAOs) product distribution in fast pyrolysis of wax and polyethylene plastic waste was investigated by using pyrolysis‐GC‐MS (Py‐GC‐MS) technique. The optimal pyrolysis temperature to obtain the C6 to C14 LAOs was found to be largely dependent on feed carbon length. The shorter the feed, higher the temperature required and vice versa. The wax with carbon numbers C35 to C60 is an ideal feed stock for LAO production with minimal side products

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“…In the context of waste treatment, chemical degradation of thermoplastics (which is also called tertiary or chemical recycling) also becomes an important aspect that facilitates the production of liquid fuels and chemicals [102]. One of these tertiary recycling methods is pyrolysis, which can be thermal or catalytical.…”

Section: Plasma For Waste Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al [102] applied a 1000 W microwave cavity and ZSM-5 as a catalyst for production of a large amount of gasoline-range hydrocarbons (74.7-88.5%) from LDPE. The packed-bed catalysis integrated with microwave pyrolysis lead to the formation of syngas at temperature of 450 • C. This mainly consisted of ethylene, ethane, and small quantities of hydrogen and methane.…”

Section: Plasma For Waste Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Electric Field Applications in Energy and Process Engineering

Zigan

2018

Energies

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Heat and mass transfer as well as chemical reactions in technical processes can be enhanced by using electric fields. This paper provides an overview of current fundamental and applied research as well as potential technical applications of electric fields in energy and process engineering. This includes electrosprays, technical combustors as well as electrochemical reforming and plasma gasification of waste or biomass. Other emerging fields are plasma technologies for treatment of water, surfaces and gases including flue gases. In particle or aerosol-laden flows, plasmas are used to promote particle nucleation and surface growth for controlled nanomaterial synthesis. Furthermore, non-invasive diagnostics based on electromagnetic fields and electric fluid properties are relevant techniques for online control and optimization of technical processes. Finally, an overview of laser-based techniques is provided for studying electro-hydrodynamic effects, temperature, and species concentrations in plasma and electric-field enhanced processes.

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Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste

Cited by 145 publications

References 55 publications

DC Thermal Plasma Design and Utilization for the Low Density Polyethylene to Diesel Oil Pyrolysis Reaction

DC Thermal Plasma Design and Utilization for the Low Density Polyethylene to Diesel Oil Pyrolysis Reaction

A Rapid Py‐GC/MS Study for Linear Alpha Olefin Production from Fast Pyrolysis of Wax and Waste Polyethylene

Overview of Electric Field Applications in Energy and Process Engineering

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